变读系统中的“比较”标记——上古汉语方位词的变读规律及不变读原因  

The Comparison Mark in the Pronunciation Variation System-the Rules of Pronunciation Variation and the Reasons for Unchanged Pronunciation of Orientation Wordsin Ancient Chinese

作　　者：王月婷 WANG Yue-ting

机构地区：[1]浙江工业大学人文学院,浙江杭州310023

出　　处：《古汉语研究》2022年第4期32-43,127,共13页Research in Ancient Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“‘异读’标记视角下的上古汉语双及物结构研究”(18BYY162)。

摘　　要：古汉语方位词的变读,前贤已多有研究,通常认为其变读记录动词。本文系统考察了先秦相关用例,发现:(1)方位词的大量动词用法并不变读;(2)相对方位词"上下左右前后"以及泛向方位词"旁"在表方位比较时变读去声("上"属逆构);(3)绝对方位词"东西南北"从无变读;(4)相对方位词中的拓扑类("中内外"),由于具体语义特征不同,或变读或不变读。基于用例得出:变读用于方位之比较,具备比较的四要素,"去声"是"比较"标记。以此为基础,进一步分析了变读的条件及不变读的原因。The pronunciation variation of ancient Chinese orientation words have been studied by many predecessors,and it is generally considered that their pronunciation variation record verbs.This paper systematically investigates the cases of pre-Qin period and finds that:(1)a large number of verb usages of orientation words are not varied;(2)the relative orientation words"up,down,left,right,front and back"and the referring directional orientation word"beside"show orientation comparison varying falling level("up"is the inverse construction);(3)absolute location words"east,west,north and south"never change;(4)topological classes in relative orientation words("inside and outside")may vary or remain original due to different specific semantic features.Based on the cases,it can be concluded that the pronunciation variation is used for the comparison of orientation,which has four elements of comparison,and"falling level"is the"comparison"mark.On this basis,the condition of pronunciation variation and the reason of reading invariance are further analyzed.

关 键 词：上古汉语 方位词 变读 比较标记 

分 类 号：H113[语言文字—汉语]