马铃薯秸秆降解菌的筛选鉴定及其降解能力测定  

Screening,Identification of Potato Straw Degrading Bacteria and Measuring of Its Degradation Ability

作　　者：修志君 宋亚迪 张冬梅[1] 杨春芳 张学峰 张笑宇[1] XIU Zhijun;SONG Yadi;ZHANG Dongmei;YANG Chunfang;ZHANG Xuefeng;ZHANG Xiaoyu(College of Horticulture and Plant Protection,Inner Mongolia Agriculture University,Hohhot 010020,Inner Mongolia,China;Civilization Practice Guidance Center in the New Era in Ulanqab of Inner Mongolia,Ulanqab 012000,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学园艺与植物保护学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010020 [2]乌兰察布市新时代文明实践指导中心,内蒙古乌兰察布012000

出　　处：《中国蔬菜》2022年第12期45-51,共7页China Vegetables

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2022YFYZ0008);2022年大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202210129018);“马铃薯有害生物监测与绿色防控”草原英才创新人才团队项目;内蒙古农业大学“生物农药创制与利用”创新团队项目。

摘　　要：为快速降解马铃薯秸秆,从马铃薯田取土样分离秸秆降解菌并使用刚果红染色法进行初筛,得到1株菌株,命名为WXB10,其在28℃、180 r·min^(-1)条件下发酵35 d时马铃薯秸秆降解率可达57.73%。菌株WXB10可产生半纤维素酶、内切-β-1,4-葡聚糖酶、外切-β-1,4-葡聚糖酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶,发酵5 d时,半纤维素酶活性最高,为32.17 U·mL^(-1);发酵3 d时,内切-β-1,4-葡聚糖酶活性最高,为238.75 U·mL^(-1);外切-β-1,4-葡聚糖酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性均在发酵4 d时达到最大值,分别为478.48 U·mL^(-1)和4.82 U·mL^(-1)。结合形态学观察、生理生化试验和分子生物学鉴定结果,菌株WXB10被鉴定为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis),具有较高的纤维素酶活性,能快速降解马铃薯秸秆。In order to rapidly degradate potato straw,this experiment took soil samples from potato fields,separated straw-degrading bacteria,carried out preliminary sceening by congo red staining method,and obtained one strain,named WXB10.Under the fermentation condition of 28℃and 180 r·min^(-1) for 35 days,potato straw degradation rate of this strain could reach 57.73%.The strain WXB10 could produce hemicellulase,endonuclease-β-1,4-glucanase,extraneous-β-1,4-glucanase andβ-glucosidase.The hemicellulase activity was the highest 32.17 U·mL^(-1) after being fermented for 5 days.The endonuclease-β-1,4-glucanase activity was the highest 238.75 U·mL^(-1) after being fermented for 3 days.Both extraneous-β-1,4-glucanase andβ-glucosidase activities reached the maximum value after being fermented for 4 days,reaching 478.48 U·mL^(-1) and 4.82 U·mL^(-1),respectively.Combining the results of morphological observation,physiological and biochemical experiment,and molecular biological identification,strain WXB10 was identified as Bacillus velezensis,possessing higher cellulase activity and being able to rapidly degrade potato straw.

关 键 词：马铃薯 秸秆降解菌 纤维素酶 贝莱斯芽孢杆菌 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]