战国秦汉时期制铁耐火材料的矿物组织与含量分析  

Petrographic analysis of iron-making refractory materials during the Warring States Period,Qin and Han Dynasties

作　　者：刘海峰 林昊 潜伟 陈建立[3] LIU Haifeng;LIN Hao;QIAN Wei;CHEN Jianli(Institute for History of Science and Technology,Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,Zhenjiang 212100,China;Institute of Cultural Heritage and History of Science&Technology,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;School of Archaeology and Museology,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏科技大学科学技术史研究所,江苏镇江212100 [2]北京科技大学科技史与文化遗产研究院,北京100083 [3]北京大学考古文博学院,北京100871

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2022年第6期105-114,共10页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(51904159)资助,江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2022784)资助。

摘　　要：战国秦汉时期是中国古代生铁与生铁制钢技术体系的发端与形成期,制铁耐火材料为发达的生铁与生铁制钢技术体系提供了结构、化学、热性能上的技术保障,具有重要的作用。但目前制铁耐火材料的研究较少,影响了对中国古代钢铁技术的全面认识。本研究对战国秦汉时期出土的制铁耐火材料开展了文献、田野考察和矿相分析,科学认知其微观结构,认为战国秦汉时期制铁耐火材料以黏土质材料为主,使用了砂质材料,但尚未出现砂泥混合质材料。同时,炉壁、铸铁范、鼓风管之间的矿物显微组织和含量差异较大,表明战国秦汉时期工匠已能根据性能需求的不同制作不同的耐火材料用于不同的制铁生产环节。The technological system of cast iron and steel-making was established and consolidated during the Warring States Period,Qin and Han Dynasties.Iron-making refractory materials provided structural,chemical and thermal stabilities in the ancient cast iron and steel-making productions.However,compared with metal and slag research,there is a lack of research on refractory materials.We carried out a comprehensive study,based on literature and field investigations as well as scientific analyses,especially the petrographic analysis.According to the petrographic analysis,it is believed that 1)rammed clay or stacked clay bricks were used to build the furnaces in early imperial China and 2)the sand material was rarely used,and the composite materials of clay,sand and rock fragments were not presented yet.In addition,the microstructures of the furnace materials,casting moulds and tuyeres(furnace nozzle)were very different,which shows that craftsmen during this period could make different refractory materials according to different performance requirements for different components of the iron production process.

关 键 词：古代制铁 耐火材料 矿相分析 矿物含量分析 战国秦汉时期 

分 类 号：K875.1[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]