预测性对快速读者和慢速读者词汇加工的影响  

The effect of lexical predictability on word processing in fast and slow readers during Chinese reading

作　　者：张慢慢[1,2,3] 胡惠兰 张志超 李鑫 汪强[1,2,3] 白学军 臧传丽[1,2,3] ZHANG Manman;HU Huilan;ZHANG Zhichao;LI Xin;WANG Qiang;BAI Xuejun;ZANG Chuanli(Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education,Academy of Psychology and Behavior,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387,China;Faculty of Psychology,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387,China;Tianjin Social Science Laboratory of Students’Mental Development and Learning,Tianjin 300387,China)

机构地区：[1]教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地天津师范大学心理与行为研究院 [2]天津师范大学心理学部 [3]学生心理发展与学习天津市高校社会科学实验室,天津300387

出　　处：《心理学报》2023年第1期79-93,共15页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31800920;31571122;32000786)。

摘　　要：本研究借助眼动仪通过两个实验考察了熟练阅读中快速读者与慢速读者对语境预测性的利用是否有差异。实验1比较快速组与慢速组在中央凹加工高、低预测词的差异。实验2对比两组读者利用副中央凹预视(相同、相似假字、低预测词和不相似假字)加工高预测词的差异。实验1结果显示两组读者有相似的预测性效应:对高预测词的注视时间比低预测词更短。实验2结果显示两组读者的预视效应存在差异:慢速组在相同预视下对目标词的跳读率高于低预测预视,而快速组在这两种预视下的跳读率差异不明显但高于慢速组;慢速组在低预测和不相似预视下注视目标词的时间分别长于相同预视,而快速组的这两种效应较小。结果表明,两组读者利用预测性的差异表现在副中央凹加工阶段,即慢速读者比快速读者利用相似预视激活预测性信息的效率更低,且在低预测或无效预视下对词汇的识别和语义整合更困难,这说明慢速读者在词汇加工中更依赖语境且对无关信息的抑制更弱。这些结果支持词汇质量假说。According to the lexical quality hypothesis, high proficient(fast) readers have well-specified lexical representations which enable automatic word identification and less context decoding, while low proficient(slow) readers rely on context for word identification during reading due to their imprecise lexical quality. In contrast, the predictive coding framework assumes that high proficient readers rely more on their reading experience to predict the upcoming context compared to low proficient readers. However, it is still unclear how skilled readers with different levels of reading proficiency rely on context information(e.g., predictability) for word processing during Chinese reading. In two experiments, the present study aimed to investigate individual differences in the use of predictability for word identification by using the eye-tracking technique.In Experiment 1, eye movements of fast and slow readers were recorded while they were reading sentences containing predictable or unpredictable target words, with the aim to investigate the differences in predictability effects between the two groups. Sixty pairs of predictable-unpredictable target words were selected, each of which was embedded into the same sentence frame. Fifteen fast and 15 slow readers, selected from a group of 66participants based on their reading rates, participated in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, parafoveal previews of the 60 predictable target words(identical word, visually similar pseudocharacter, unpredictable word or visually dissimilar pseudocharacter) were manipulated by using the boundary paradigm to explore how parafoveal preview influences processing of predictability information in the fast and slow readers. The eye movements of 20 fast and 20 slow readers, selected from a group of 80 participants on the basis of their reading rates, were recorded while they were reading sentences containing predictable target words with different previews in Experiment 2.The results showed that fast readers fixated shorter and less on the targ

关 键 词：预测性 中央凹加工 副中央凹预视 快速读者 慢速读者 中文阅读 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]