枸杞枝条固态厌氧发酵产生物饲料的可行性  

Solid-state anaerobic fermentation of Lycium barbarum branches for biofeed production

作　　者：刘杨[1] 王亚军 冯曌卓 安巍 秦维 姬高升 许力山[1] 刘亚婷 康宇 吕青阳 杜亚玲 闫志英[1] LIU Yang;WANG Yajun;FENG Zhaozhuo;AN Wei;QIN Wei;JI Gaosheng;XU Lishan;LIU Yating;KANG Yu;Lü Qingyang;DU Yaling;YAN Zhiying(CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology&Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu Institute of Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041,China;Wolfberry Science Institute,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750002,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院环境与应用微生物重点实验室,环境微生物四川省重点实验室,中国科学院成都生物研究所,成都610041 [2]宁夏农林科学院枸杞科学研究所,银川750002

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2022年第5期1318-1324,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划重大项目(2019BFH02008);宁夏农林科学院对外科技合作专项(DW-X-2018011)资助。

摘　　要：为探究枸杞枝条固态厌氧发酵产生物饲料的潜在可能性,进行枸杞枝条的发酵前处理和发酵相关研究.开展了枸杞枝条二级粉碎处理、纤维素酶和漆酶预处理、发酵用乳酸菌和酵母菌菌株筛选以及枸杞枝条单独发酵和与枸杞加工废弃物混合发酵对比等研究.结果表明:经二级粉碎后,枸杞枝条粒度达10-30目;经1‰漆酶处理24 h,枸杞枝条中半纤维素降解率达40.78%,纤维素降解率达23.93%,木质素降解率达到28.38%;筛选到发酵用乳酸菌2株(Lactobacillus plantarum、Lactobacillus paracasei)和酵母菌2株(Saccharomyces cerevisiae、Candida utilis);枸杞枝条枸杞加工废弃物混合发酵后,发酵产物中乳酸含量(11.43 mg/g)、乙酸含量(4.65 mg/g)、乳酸菌数量(9.00×10^(7) cfu/g)、酵母菌数量(2.37×10^(4) cfu/g)、枸杞多糖含量(3.02%)均显著优于单独发酵,表明混合发酵更适合作为枸杞枝条发酵生物饲料的方式.毒性试验未出现小鼠死亡,表明枸杞枝条生物饲料无毒.综上所述,枸杞枝条经粉碎处理后与枸杞加工废弃物混合发酵后可成为生物饲料,该生物饲料无毒、安全,能用于动物饲喂;研究结果可为其他中药材种植废弃物资源化处理提供思路和技术指导.The pretreatment and fermentation of Lycium barbarum branches were carried out to explore the potential feasibility of biofeed production through solid-state anaerobic fermentation. The secondary crushing of L. barbarum branches, pretreatment with cellulase and laccase, screening of lactic acid bacteria and yeast strains for fermentation, mono-fermentation of L. barbarum branches, and co-fermentation with L. barbarum processing wastes were performed. The results indicated that the size of L. barbarum branches was 10–30mesh after secondary crushing. After 1% laccase pretreatment for 24 h, the degradation rates of hemicellulose,cellulose, and lignin in the branches were 40.78%, 23.93%, and 28.38%, respectively. Two lactic acid bacteria(Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus paracasei) and two yeast strains(Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida utilis) were selected as the fermentation microbes. The comparison of mono-and co-fermentation suggested that co-fermentation was a better way to utilize L. barbarum branches, since the biofeed exhibited significantly higher qualities. The content of lactic acid was 11.43 mg/g and acetic acid was 4.65 mg/g;the titer of lactic acid bacteria was 9.00 × 10^(7) cfu/g and that of yeast was 2.37×10^(4) cfu/g, and the content of L. barbarum polysaccharide was 3.02%. No mice died during the toxicity test, indicating that the biological feed of the Lycium barbarum branches was non-toxic. This study demonstrated that L. barbarum branches could be fermented to produce biofeed through pretreatment and co-fermentation, while the bio-feed was non-toxic, safe, and could be used for animal feeding. Moreover, our study provides new directions and technical guidance for the utilization of planting wastes of other Chinese herbal plants.

关 键 词：枸杞枝条 预处理 乳酸菌 酵母菌 固态发酵 混合发酵 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]