单字法有意遗忘的内部心理机制:基于多项式加工树模型的分析  

The Internal Psychological Mechanisms of Item-Method Directed Forgetting: Based on the Analysis of the MPT Model

作　　者：王润洲 金雨薇 宋耀武[1] 赵小军[1] Wang Runzhou;Jin Yuwei;Song Yaowu;Zhao Xiaojun(School of Education,Hebei University,Baoding,071002)

机构地区：[1]河北大学教育学院,保定071002

出　　处：《心理科学》2022年第5期1026-1036,共11页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金"十三五"规划2019年度教育学一般课题“基于具身认知的情绪性有意遗忘及其应用研究”项目(BBA190022)的资助。

摘　　要：通过构建使用单个汉语双字词作为学习材料,并在测验阶段全面考察记忆提取过程的多项式加工树模型,探究单字法有意遗忘的心理机制。结果发现,对于TBF/R项目,遗忘组的储存能力和提取能力均弱于记忆组;对于TBR/R项目,遗忘组的储存能力强于记忆组。并且,无论在短SOA还是长SOA条件下,遗忘组对TBF项目后探测刺激的反应时都显著长于TBR项目。结果表明,单字法有意遗忘现象是选择性复述、注意抑制和提取抑制三种机制共同作用的结果。There continues to be many arguments about the psychological mechanism of item method directed forgetting. The traditional data analysis methods used in previous studies were also difficult to quantify and estimate the storage and retrieval process behind the directed forgetting effect.Besides, the test in a series of memory processing models was limited to recall test and could not fully reflect all aspects of forgetting and memory retrieval. Therefore, based on the previous studies, the present study first constructed a new multinomial processing tree model of memory process used single word as learning material and comprehensively investigated the memory retrieval processed in the test stage phase. After the model was validated, this study manipulated the relevant variables of the theories to explore the internal psychological mechanism of item-method directed forgetting.The storage-retrieval model was used as a template to construct a multinomial processing tree model based on the free-recall-then-recognition paradigm, and the model was continuously improved. The confirmatory experiment conducted a 2(coding depth: 1000 ms vs. 5000 ms) × 2(learning-test interval: 0 min vs. 6 min) mixed design, and 32 college students participated in this experiment. The results showed that the model could well reflect the changes in the storage and retrieval of information during the memory process. Moreover, model assumptions were also supported, and the model could be applied to subsequent studies.To investigate the internal psychological mechanisms of item-method directed forgetting, the experiment conducted a 2(group: forgetting group vs. remember group) × 2(item type: TBF/R vs. TBR/R) × 2(SOA: 1600 ms vs. 2600 ms) mixed design to examine the internal psychological mechanism of directed forgetting under item-method paradigm, and 38 college students participated in this experiment. The results showed that for the TBF/R items, the forgetting group’s storage and retrieval capacity were weaker than those of the memory gro

关 键 词：有意遗忘 多项式加工树模型 单字法范式 心理机制 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学]