婴儿如何认识他心:“似我”假说述评  

An Explanation for Infants’ Understanding of Other Minds:The “Like Me” Hypothesis

作　　者：孙洋洋[1] 陈巍[1,2] Sun Yangyang;Chen Wei(Center for Brain,Mind and Education,Shaoxing University,Shaoxing,312000;Interdisciplinary Center for Philosophy and Cognitive Sciences,Renmin University of China,Beijing,100080)

机构地区：[1]绍兴文理学院大脑、心智与教育研究中心,绍兴312000 [2]中国人民大学哲学与认知科学交叉平台,北京100080

出　　处：《心理科学》2022年第5期1099-1105,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学规划青年项目(21NDQN281YB);浙江省哲学社会科学规划新兴交叉学科重大扶持项目(21XXJC05ZD)的资助。

摘　　要：Meltzoff的“似我”假说认为,婴儿借助“我他对等”认识解读他人行为和心理状态,通过他人间的互动信息推断和调整自身行为。“似我”认识以动作表征为基础,借助第一人称体验建立双向映射,对“似我”之人进行因果推理,由此构成发展路径引导婴儿认识他心。注视追随与模仿两种初级社会学习机制进一步丰富了婴儿对社交关系的理解,使人类学习的渠道突破了自我体验的局限而变得更加多元。How do infants in the initial state view the human behaviors similar to their own? How do they interpret the external behaviors and internal perceptions of others? Meltzoff and his colleagues conducted a series of studies and explained the above questions through the framework of “like me”.This hypothesis shows that infants already have a sense of “it is like me” at the very beginning of social interactions. Focusing on the experimental evidence of theoretical hypothesis and influencing factors on the “like me”, this review generalized the components and development approaches of the impressive hypothesis, and the inspiration it has given to our parenting and educational practices.The fundamental view of the “like me” hypothesis is that infants can interpret others as their own which have a similar mental state by means of the recognition of self-other equivalences. Thus, it provides infants with an interpretive framework for understanding the behaviors they observed.In this regard, infants are given rise to perceiving the structural congruence between the actions performed by others they see and by themselves,comprehending goal-directed actions of others, and guiding their own subsequent actions by “grabbing” the interactive information of others.Perceiving the same agent as “like me” is a social primitive. Importantly, these primordial experiences are accomplished by a combination of action representation, first-person experience and understanding of other minds. Under the interaction of these three components, infants can inspect their own acts-as-felts or acts-as-seen in others via observation and imitation, and thus to form a self-other mapping. Distinguishing the information from exteroception(perception of others) and proprioception(perception of self) can be achieved by the system of action representation. Moreover,infants can also interpret other people’s intentions, desires, or objectives according to their own actions and experiences. These three essential components compose t

关 键 词：婴儿 “似我” 模仿 第一人称体验 他心 社会认知 

分 类 号：B844.11[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]