孤独症儿童对动态情境中面孔表情社交定向的警觉与维持特征  

The Characteristics of Alertness and Maintenance of Social Orientation of Facial Expressions in Children with Autism in Dynamic Situations

作　　者：林云强[1] 申灵钰 李良秀 LIN Yunqiang;SHEN Lingyu;LI Liangxiu(Hangzhou Collge of Early Childhood Education&Special Education,Zhejiang Nornal University,Hangzhou,311231;Zhengzhou School for Special Education at Zhongyuan District,Zhengzhou,450000)

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学杭州幼儿师范学院(特殊教育学院),杭州311231 [2]郑州市中原区育智学校,郑州450000

出　　处：《中国特殊教育》2022年第9期66-76,共11页Chinese Journal of Special Education

基　　金：2020年度教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“自闭症谱系障碍儿童社交定向的眼动特征及其教育应用研究”(项目批准号:20YJC880052);浙江师范大学大学生创新工作室“自闭症儿童的早期预警和发展评估”建设项目的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本研究以心理发展水平相匹配的孤独症儿童与普通儿童各15名为被试,采用动态情境中的面孔表情作为刺激材料,借助眼动指标探究孤独症儿童对面孔表情社交定向的警觉与维持特征。结果发现:(1)普通儿童对社交情境中面孔定向区域的首进入时间显著早于、总注视时间显著长于背景定向区域,而孤独症儿童则未表现出这一趋势;孤独症儿童对社交情境中背景定向区域的首进入时间显著早于、总注视时间显著长于普通儿童;(2)孤独症儿童对愤怒情绪类型背景定向区域的总注视时间显著长于愉快情绪背景区域,且显著长于普通儿童对愤怒情绪背景区域的总注视时间;(3)孤独症儿童和普通儿童对悲伤面孔表情眼部区域的平均注视时间显著长于嘴部区域。本研究认为孤独症儿童存在对动态面孔表情社交定向警觉性不足、对积极情绪面孔的注视维持倾向以及对悲伤面孔表情中眼部区域定向维持时间略长的特征。In this study,15 children with autism(ASD)and 15 typically-developing children(TD)with matching psychological development levels were taken as subjects,and the facial expressions in dynamic situations were used as stimuli to explore the characteristics of alertness and maintenance of autistic children’s social orientation of facial expressions with the help of eye movement indicators.The results showed that:1)the first entry time to the face orientation area was significantly earlier,and the total gaze time significantly longer than that to the background orientation area in the TD children,but the ASD children did not show this trend;the first entry time of ASD children to the background orientation area in social situations was significantly earlier,and the total gaze time significantly longer than that of TD children;2)the total gaze time of ASD children to the anger emotion background orientation area was significantly longer than that of happy emotion background area,and was significantly longer than that of TD children to the anger emotion background orientation area;3)the average gaze time on the eye region of the sad facial expression was significantly longer than that on the mouth region in both ASD children and TD children.The research suggests that ASD children have the characteristics of insufficient alertness to the social orientation of dynamic facial expressions,a tendency of maintaining gaze on faces with positive emotions,and slightly longer maintenance time of the eye area orientation in sad facial expressions.

关 键 词：孤独症儿童 社交定向 面孔表情 

分 类 号：B846[哲学宗教—心理学]