论古诗句式的形式意味  

The Formal Implications of Sentence Pattern in Ancient Poems

作　　者：张胜利 张宇洋 Zhang Shengli;Zhang Yuyang(School of Literature and Journalism,Yantai University,Yantai 264005,China)

机构地区：[1]烟台大学文学与新闻传播学院,烟台264005

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2022年第6期82-91,共10页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

基　　金：山东省社会科学规划研究项目“中国古代诗歌体法及其相关范畴研究”(项目批准号:19CZWJ14)的相关成果。

摘　　要：句式是诗歌文本的基本组成部分,也是决定诗歌文本形式特征基本性状的直接、基础的形式构件。古诗句式,由于其长短不同,韵律节奏不同,形成不同的形式意味。本文利用认知心理学的理论,分析古代形式批评资料,认为二言质木啴缓,声音和色泽皆质朴;三言句式径直而端正;四言句式优游委婉;五言质朴、亲切、安恬、平淡天真;六言句式甘美妩媚,呆板少顿挫斡旋;七言华美、庄重、敏捷迅疾、浩荡慷慨;八言句式较六言更为呆板;九言句式字数繁多,没有充沛的气势的驱动,繁多的文字反而会成为累赘,很难浑然一体,成为四言与五言的简单叠加。四言、五言、七言是古代诗歌的主要句式。齐言诗中七言是古代诗歌容量最大的句式,八言、九言、十言、十一言和十二言,鲜有感人至深的诗作,只有特殊语境存在少数有感染力的诗句。Sentence pattern is a basic component of poetic construction,and also a formal component that determines the basic characteristics of poetic text.In ancient poems,sentence patterns vary in length and rhythm,and thus imply different formal meanings.Analyzing the ancient documents of formal criticism with the theory of cognitive psychology,this article argues that the two-character sentence is pristine,voice simple;three-character one is straight and honest;four-character one is leisurely and comfortable;five-character one is plain,tranquil and indigenous;six-character one is sweet,charming and less cadenced;seven-character one is gorgeous,solemn,swift and mighty;nine-character sentence have a large number of words,and without the drivers of ample momentum,too many words makes the verse cumbersome and a simple combination of four-character and five-character.Eight-character sentence is more rigid than six-character.Four-character,five-character,and seven-character are the main patterns of ancient poetry.Among all the even-line verses,seven-character has the largest capacity.In eight to twelve-character poems,there are very less impressive works.

关 键 词：句式 意味 形式批评 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学]