汉英日移动动词跨语言多义变体类型学考察  

Polysemy and Cross-linguistic Variation: A Typological Study of Chinese, English and Japanese Deictic Motion Verbs

作　　者：赵玲[1,2] Zhao Ling(School of Foreign Languages and Literature,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;Hubei Research Center for Language and Intelligent Information Processing,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学外国语言文学学院,武汉430072 [2]湖北语言与智能信息处理研究基地,武汉430072

出　　处：《外语学刊》2022年第6期73-80,共8页Foreign Language Research

基　　金：教育部人文社科基金项目“提高国家话语权的社交媒体舆情导控研究”(20YJA740062);武汉大学自主科研项目(人文社会科学)“提高国家话语权的社交媒体舆情导控研究”(20YJA740062);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“提高国家话语权的社交媒体舆情导控研究”(20YJA740062)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：词汇语义学的各种主流理论无法很好地解释词义的非隐喻扩展致因,而鲍查德的语言符号理论却能阐述跨语言视角下语义不对称的机理,并且提供函数模式化分析框架。根据语言符号理论,一种语言的多义词与其跨语言对等词的词义无法完全重叠,原因有二:其一,从核心意义来讲,跨语言多义对等词仅有单一抽象的概念原语;其二,从互动接口来看,语言的符号属性是知觉—运动系统与概念—意象系统交互的结果,在跨语言表征时必会受到外部非语言系统的制约。本文借用鲍查德语言符号理论中表示原语的一组函数,解构6个英、汉、日移动动词多义变体的本源以及词义差异描写元素,将其表示为左向、左/右向、右向的3种类型。籍此分析移动动词的跨语言变体类别,构建符号模型,从而拓展语言符号理论在跨语言情境下的实际应用。When dominant semantic theories fail to account for an asymmetrical variation,the present article attributes non-metaphorical extension to this asymmetry and provides a method with function for pattern analysis from the perspective of Bouchard’s Sign Theory of Language,in which an explanation is proposed for the cross-linguistic variation of polysemy based on two key insights.First,multifunctional words have only one single,abstract meaning,and second,properties of the cross-linguistic sign follow from properties of the external systems with which language interfaces: the sensori-motor system( SM) and the conceptual-intentional system( CI). The paper describes the content of six Chinese,English and Japanese deictic verbs,showing that each possesses a simple semantic representation composed of primitives and that differences in the surface polysemy of these verbs follow directly from a single difference in their abstract lexical meaning and the way the latter interacts with context,extralinguistic knowledge and grammar. This research furthers an application of Bouchard’s theory to the cross-linguistic variation of surface polysemy defining the attribution of variant types and constructing three models from the typological perspective,labeled as Type L,Type L/R and Type R.

关 键 词：移动动词 多义词 跨语言变体 非隐喻扩展 类型学 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]