抱怨行为的形成机制:基于质性访谈  

The Formation Mechanism of Complaint Behavior:Based on Qualitative Interview

作　　者：陈羿君[1] 吴玉[1] 汪李玲 宋云萍 Chen I-Jun;Wu Yu;Wang Liling;Song Yunping(School of Education,Soochow University,Suzhou,215123)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学教育学院,苏州215123

出　　处：《心理科学》2022年第6期1414-1421,共8页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目一般项目(18BRK039)的资助。

摘　　要：为了解个体的抱怨行为特点,研究采用质性访谈法,分别对13位抱怨者和配对的26位倾听者进行半结构式访谈,并运用扎根理论分析程序对访谈资料进行三级编码。结果发现,抱怨行为在本质、内容、动机、对象选择、表现形式、效果以及影响因素七大方面具有一般特征;抱怨的本质是在情绪性动机或工具性动机驱使下产生的间接性行为,这些间接性行为可能会产生负能量,传递给第三者。研究从实证角度为抱怨的双重路径模型提供了证据支撑,同时也深化了对日常情景中的抱怨的认识。Complaining is a common phenomenon in daily interpersonal interactions.However,to date,the research on complaining has been confined primarily to consumer psychology,and little is known about the characteristics of complaining behaviors in the daily life ofgeneral public.Therefore,this study examined the characteristics and nature of complaining behaviors through qualitative interviews and text analysis.A total of 13 complainers and 26 matched complaining listeners(each complainant matched with 2 complaining listeners)were recruited by the snowball sampling strategy,aged from 19 to 62 years,and their occupations included teachers,students,cooks,housewives,retirees,etc.A total of 39 interview records were collected.QSR Nvivo 10.0 qualitative analysis software and the grounded theory analysis program were adopted to conduct three-level coding of interview data,including open coding,axial coding and selective coding,to reveal the characteristics and nature of adult complaining behaviors in a two-way and comprehensive way.The findings revealed that there were seven general characteristics in complaining behaviors:(1)Most complaints were driven by emotional motivation,expressing negative emotions such as dissatisfaction and annoyance to a third party,and were not oriented to solving problems.A small number of complaints,driven by instrumental motivation,were a perfunctory behavior and means in interpersonal communication.(2)In the contents of the complaint,complaining behaviors could be divided into family complaint,work complaint,academic complaint,and social environment complaint.(3)In complaining motivation,it could be divided into emotional and instrumental motivations.The former included venting emotions,shirking responsibility,and obtaining support,while the latter included opening a conversation,bowing to the group,attracting admiration,grabbing attention,and comforting others.(4)When choosing a complaining listener,the complainers mainly considered whether the other party had a certain sympathetic ability or w

关 键 词：抱怨行为 质化研究 扎根理论 

分 类 号：B848.4[哲学宗教—心理学]