氮肥减施对粳稻稻米淀粉结构与食味品质的效应  

Effects of reducing nitrogen fertilization on the starch structure and the eating quality of japonica rice grain

作　　者：杨标 雍明玲 赵步洪[2] 陈前 叶苗 张祖建[1] YANG Biao;YONG Mingling;ZHAO Buhong;CHEN Qian;YE Miao;ZHANG Zujian(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/College of Agriculture,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225007,China;Agricultural Science Institure of Jiangsu Lixiahe District,Yangzhou 225007,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学农学院/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,江苏扬州225009 [2]江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所,江苏扬州225007

出　　处：《扬州大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2022年第5期37-46,共10页Journal of Yangzhou University：Agricultural and Life Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(32071945);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300502);江苏省自然科学基金资助项目(BK20181214)。

摘　　要：于水稻不同生育期设置减施氮肥处理,探究水稻产量和稻米品质的响应,解析减氮措施对稻米淀粉理化特性、淀粉结构与食味品质变化的关系。结果表明:与常规施氮相比,单一生育时期减氮处理会导致水稻穗数或每穗粒数明显减少,产量显著下降;全生育期均衡减施氮肥可在维持较高穗数和每穗粒数的基础上,显著提高结实率,获得接近常规施肥处理的产量水平。减氮处理能提高支链淀粉中A链、B1链的短支链比例,优化淀粉支链组成,改善淀粉颗粒性状,提高溶解度和膨胀度,降低淀粉糊化热焓值,显著提高稻米的蒸煮和食味品质。在当前生产形势下,水稻全生育期适度均衡减施氮肥处理表现出较好的高产性和稳产性,其稻米品质也得到有效改善,是当前氮肥减施技术中值得推荐的施肥策略。In the present study,nitrogen fertilizer reducing treatment was set at different growth stages to investigate the response of rice yield and rice quality,and to analyze the relationship between nitrogen reducing measures and changes in starch physicochemical properties,starch structure and taste quality of rice grain.The results showed that,compared with conventional nitrogen application treatment,nitrogen reducing during single growth period resulted in a significant reduction in the number of panicles or grains per panicle,and significantly affected the yield.Balanced reduction of nitrogen fertilization during the whole growth period significantly improved the seed setting rate on the basis of maintaining higher panicles and grains per panicle,and obtain the yield level closing to the conventional fertilization treatment.Nitrogen reducing treatment increased the short branch ratio of A chain and B1 chain in grain amylopectin,optimized the synthesis of starch branch chain,improved starch granule properties,improved the solubility and the swelling degree of the starch,improved the cooking and eating quality of rice grain.Under current rice producing situation,rice under appropriate and balanced nitrogen fertilization reduction during the whole growing season performed high and stable yield,and its grain quality was also effectively improved.It is a suitable fertilization strategy that should be recommended preferentially in the current nitrogen reduction technology.

关 键 词：水稻 氮肥减施 产量 稻米品质 淀粉 食味品质 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]