我国小麦镍的污染调查及健康风险评估  

Exposure and Health Risk Assessment of Nickel in Wheat in China

作　　者：顾丰颖[1] 丁雅楠 朱金锦 孙倩倩[1] 张瑞 王锋[1] GU Fengying;DING Yanan;ZHU Jinjin;SUN Qianqian;ZHANG Rui;WANG Feng(Institute of Food Science and Technology,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science/Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100193)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所/农业农村部农产品加工综合性重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《核农学报》2022年第12期2447-2454,共8页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC1600602);科技基础性工作专项(2015FY111300)。

摘　　要：为了解我国小麦主产区小麦镍的污染情况及暴露风险,本研究收集北方冬麦区、南方冬麦区和春麦区小麦样品3444份,采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法检测镍含量,分析小麦镍污染水平及分布特征;基于全麦籽粒镍含量的分布,采用蒙特卡洛法估算我国成人和儿童小麦镍的暴露剂量水平,采用美国环境保护署(USEPA)的暴露剂量-反应外推模型,评价小麦镍的暴露健康风险。结果表明,我国3个小麦主产区小麦镍平均含量为0.225 mg·kg^(-1),南方冬麦区小麦镍污染水平显著高于其他2个产区,最高值达4.779 mg·kg^(-1)。膳食暴露评估结果显示,我国成人和儿童小麦镍的单位体重日均暴露量(ADD)分别为6.31×10^(-4)和8.32×10^(-4)mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1);与不同国际组织推荐的参考摄入剂量(RfD)相比,成人和儿童ADD值超过RfD值的人群概率范围分别为0~0.23%和0.02%~0.49%。风险评估结果显示,小麦镍暴露不会对我国大部分居民产生明显的健康影响,但少数高暴露人群可能潜存健康隐患。本研究结果为我国小麦重金属污染安全监管、标准制定和风险评价提供了科学依据。To understand the contamination status and exposure risk of nickel in wheat in China,a total of 3444 wheat were collected from north winter wheat,south winter wheat and spring wheat growing regions.The nickel content was detected by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry,the pollution level and distribution characteristics of nickel in wheat were analyzed.Monte Carlo method was used to estimate the exposure dose of wheat nickel to adults and children in China,and USEPA’s exposure dose-response extrapolation model was used to evaluate the human health risk of wheat nickel exposure based on the distribution of nickel in whole wheat.The results showed that the average nickel content of wheat in the three main producing areas of China was 0.225 mg·kg^(-1).The nickel pollution level of winter wheat in south China was significantly higher than that in other producing areas,with the highest value of 4.779 mg·kg^(-1).Dietary exposure assessment results showed that the average daily dose(ADD)of wheat nickel per unit body weight for Chinese adults and children were 6.31×10^(-4)and 8.32×10^(-4)mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1),respectively.Compared with the reference dose(RfD)recommended by four different international organizations,the probability range of adults and children whose ADD value exceeds RfD value is 0~0.23%and 0.02%~0.49%,respectively,indicating that exposure of wheat nickel does not cause significant health effects on most Chinese residents,but a small number of people with high exposure may have potential health risk.The results of this study provide a scientific basis for the safety supervision,standard formulation and risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in wheat in China.

关 键 词：小麦 镍 重金属污染 膳食暴露评估 风险评估 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X820.4