单光子激光雷达研究进展  

Review of Advances in Single-Photon LiDAR

作　　者：张汉熠 赵新宇 张益成 张蜡宝 孙鸣捷[1] Zhang Hanyi;Zhao Xinyu;Zhang Yicheng;Zhang Labao;Sun Mingjie(School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China;Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics,School of Electronic Science and Engineering,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学仪器科学与光电工程学院,北京100191 [2]南京大学电子科学与工程学院超导电子学研究所,江苏南京210093

出　　处：《中国激光》2022年第19期270-287,共18页Chinese Journal of Lasers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金(61922011);国家自然科学基金企业联合基金重点项目(U21B2034)。

摘　　要：单光子激光雷达是一种基于微弱光探测的新型激光雷达技术,可实现单个光子探测与计数,目前已达到了理论的探测极限。单光子激光雷达技术与弱光探测、超远距探测、人工智能等技术领域紧密结合并共同发展,产生了诸多研究成果。不同于传统激光雷达,单光子激光雷达通过对回波光子信号进行时间累积恢复出回波信号的离散波形,获取目标距离与反射率信息。回顾了单光子激光雷达系统和相关算法的发展历史,重点介绍了典型的单光子激光雷达系统与图像重建算法,讨论了单光子激光雷达在远距离探测和无人驾驶领域的技术应用和发展现状,并对其未来发展前景进行了展望。Significance Single-photon LiDAR is widely combined with emerging imaging technology fields such as low-light detection,ultra-long-range detection,artificial intelligence(AI),and computational imaging,producing remarkable research results.Conventional linear detection LiDAR can be divided into different categories of scanning detection,direct detection,coherent detection and non-scanning detection.LiDAR systems based on the time-of-flight(ToF)technique are capable of ranging detection of remote targets by directly interpreting the time difference between the outbound and return laser pulses.Initially,researchers tended to achieve long ranging distance by increasing the laser output power and the aperture of transceiver system.Adopting these methods,the weight and power consumption of the LiDAR system are further increased.Besides,the pursuit of high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)echo signals in conventional LiDAR resulted in low system frequency and weak detection ability of dynamic targets.In long-distance ranging,conventional LiDAR systems were susceptible to extreme conditions such as dust and fog weather and lost effectiveness.With the advancement of single-photon detector(SPD)and precision electronic-timing technology,LiDAR based on time-correlated single photon counting(TCSPC)appeared,which has become a new way to solve the above problems.Compared with the conventional LiDAR systems,TCSPC LiDAR systems have the characteristics of higher sensitivity,higher depth accuracy,shorter acquisition time and higher photon efficiency.By time accumulation of the single echo and photon statistics,TCSPC LiDAR does not rely on single pulse measurement results,so that it does not emphasize on high SNR of single detection pulse and high laser power.TCSPC LiDAR with the detection sensitivity reaching the singlephoton level is called single-photon LiDAR.In the single-photon LiDAR system,only one photon can be detected and tagged,which achieves the theoretical detection limit.This new photon statistics scheme emphasizes on the ful

关 键 词：成像系统 激光雷达 时间相关单光子计数 远距离探测成像 无人驾驶汽车 

分 类 号：TN958.98[电子电信—信号与信息处理]