论委托辩护优于法律援助辩护  

The Priority of the Private Defense Lawyer over the Public Defender

作　　者：陈永生[1] Chen Yongsheng

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《比较法研究》2022年第6期43-57,共15页Journal of Comparative Law

摘　　要：近年来,我国实践中屡屡出现办案机关通过指定法律援助律师担任辩护人,从而排除被追诉人或者其近亲属委托的律师的做法,这种做法违背了委托辩护优于法律援助辩护的法律规则与基本法理。委托辩护优于法律援助辩护是国际通行的刑事司法规则,我国刑事诉讼法及相关法律文件也作出了全面规定。委托辩护优于法援辩护是法律援助制度本质属性的内在要求,有利于保护被追诉人的合法权利,有助于降低国家法律援助经费面临的压力。不仅被追诉人委托的律师优先于法律援助律师,被追诉的近亲属委托的律师也优先于法律援助律师。《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法〉的解释(2021)》第51条的规定存在严重问题。The past years has witnessed some practices of designating a public defender for the defendant by some judicial powers in order to prevent the defendant or his or her close relatives from hiring a private defense lawyer.Such practice violates the fundamental legal principle and the rule of the priority of private defense lawyer over the public defender,which is also the general rule of international criminal justice.In fact,China’s Criminal Procedure Law and related laws have already made comprehensive provisions in this respect.The priority of hiring a private defense lawyer is also the inherent requirement of the legal aid system,which protects the legal rights of the defendant on one hand and lowers the pressure of legal aid expenditure on the state budget on the other hand.Such a priority is enjoyed not only by the defense lawyer hired by the defendant himself or herself,but also by his or her close relatives.Therefore,the Article 51 of the Interpretations of the Supreme People’s Court has created severe problems.

关 键 词：委托辩护 法律援助辩护 法律援助经费 司法公正 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]