基于来华传教士汉语论著的词类研究演进探析  

An Analysis on Parts of Speech of Chinese Words Based on Three ChineseGrammar Books by Western Missionaries in China

作　　者：马晓娜[1] 储泰松[2] MA Xiao-na;CHU Tai-song(College of International Education,Wuhu Anhui 241000,China;College of Liberal Arts,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu Anhui 241000,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学国际教育学院,安徽芜湖241000 [2]安徽师范大学文学院,安徽芜湖241000

出　　处：《齐齐哈尔大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第11期127-131,共5页Journal of Qiqihar University(Philosophy & Social Science Edition)

基　　金：安徽省哲学社科规划项目:基于早期西人汉语论著的汉语语法体系研究(AHSKQ2020D197)。

摘　　要：明清时期来华传教士以拉丁语八大词类为参照,对汉语词类进行了系统描写,比中国本土学者马建忠《马氏文通》首次科学划分词类早了近两百年。《华语官话语法》、《汉语札记》和《汉语官话口语语法》分别代表了传教士词类研究演进的三个阶段,即从完全比附拉丁语法,到考虑汉语特点进行修正,直至对汉语词类做出工整严密的划分。通过对三部论著汉语词类划分结果、划分策略的梳理以及与《马氏文通》的比较分析,论证传教士从外部看内部研究视角的价值,其词类研究成果推动了汉语词类研究进程。Missionaries who came to China in the Ming and Qing Dynasties systematically described Chinese parts of speech with reference to the eight parts of speech in Latin,nearly two hundred years earlier than the first scientific classification of parts of speech in Ma Jianzhong's"MaShi WenTong",a local Chinese scholar.Grammar of the Mandarin Language,Notitia Lingae Sinicae and A Grammar of the Chinese Colloquial Language represents the three stages of themissionaries'study on parts of speech,that is,from the complete comparison of Latin grammar,to the modification taking into account the characteristics of Chinese,until the strict divisionof Chinese parts of speech.Through the analysis of the classification resultsand classification strategies in the three works,as well as a comparative analysis with"MaShi WenTong",it is demonstrated that the research results of the missionarieshave promoted the research process of Chinese parts of speech.

关 键 词：来华传教士 汉语论著 词类研究 比较分析 

分 类 号：H134[语言文字—汉语]