不同霉变程度蟾皮气味检测及表面真菌研究初探  

Preliminary study on odor detection and surface fungi of toad skin with different mildew degrees

作　　者：袁铭君 张恬[1] 黄晓 叶杨玉 李军德[1] YUAN Mingjun;ZHANG Tian;HUANG Xiao;YE Yangyu;LI Junde(China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs,Beijing 100700,China;School of Pharmacy,Hubei University of Chinese Medicine,Wuhan 430065,China)

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中药资源中心/道地药材国家重点实验室培育基地,北京100700 [2]湖北中医药大学药学院,武汉430065

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2022年第23期20-24,132,133,共7页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A04012);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(82104346);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(ZZXT202007);湖北中医药大学2020年青苗计划科研项目(2020ZZX002)。

摘　　要：为确定电子鼻技术能否区分不同霉变程度蟾皮,探索蟾皮表面真菌种类,试验收集当季(秋季)新产蟾皮,在高温高湿环境下培养15 d,每3 d取样1次进行电子鼻检测及菌落计数,采用主成分分析、载荷分析、线性判别分析对电子鼻响应值进行处理。同时,采用平板法培养、纯化蟾皮表面真菌,获得单一菌株,结合菌落形态、显微结构、分子鉴定三种方法对真菌进行鉴定。结果表明:主成分分析可有效区分新产(为0天)蟾皮与3,6,9,12,15天蟾皮,但对6,12,15天蟾皮区分度差;蟾皮气味变化主要表现在甲烷等短链烷烃(W1S)、长链烷烃(W3S)、醇醚醛酮类(W2S)和氮氧化合物(W5S)四根传感器上;与主成分分析相比,线性判别分析区分效果更好。从蟾皮表面共分离到6种真菌,可能为木贼镰刀菌(Fusarium equiseti)、草酸青霉(Penicillium oxalicum)、赭曲霉(Aspergillus ochraceus)、黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus)、绳状篮状菌(Talaromyces verruculosus)和亮白曲霉(Aspergillis candidus)。说明利用电子鼻技术检测霉变蟾皮具有一定可行性。此外,结合已有真菌气味研究基础,推测霉变蟾皮气味变化可能与表面真菌产生的挥发性物质有关。In order to determine whether electronic nose technology could distinguish different mildew degrees of toad skin and explore the species of fungi on the surface of toad skin, the skin was collected and cultured in a high temperature and humidity environment for 15 days. Samples were collected every 3 days for electronic nose detection and colony count. Principal component analysis, load analysis and linear discriminant analysis were used to process the electronic nose response values. The fungi of toad skin surface were cultured by plate method and isolated by apical purification method. The fungal species were identified by morphological, microscopic, and molecular methods. The results showed that PCA could effectively distinguish 0 d from 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 d, but the differentiation degree of 6, 12, 15 d was poor. The odor changes of toad skin were mainly expressed in four sensors, including methane and other short-chain alkanes(W1 S), long-chain alkanes(W3 S), alcohol-ether aldehydes(W2 S) and nitroxides(W5 S). Compared with principal component analysis, linear discriminant analysis had a better discrimination effect. A total of 6 species of fungi were isolated from the surface of toad skin. They were Fusarium equiseti, Penicillium oxalicum, Aspergillus ochraceus and Aspergillus flavus, Talaromyces verruculosus and Aspergillis candidus. It was feasible to detect mildewed toad skin with electronic nose technology. In addition, based on the existing research on fungal odor, it was speculated that the change of odor of moldy toad skin might be related to the volatile substances produced by fungi on the surface.

关 键 词：蟾皮 气味 电子鼻 真菌 鉴定 

分 类 号：S852.66[农业科学—基础兽医学] R282.74[农业科学—兽医学]