类脑计算脉冲神经网络模型及其学习算法研究进展  

Spiking Neural Network Model for Brain-like Computing and Progress of Its Learning Algorithm

作　　者：黄泽南 刘晓捷 赵晨晖 邓亚彬 郭东辉 HUANG Zenan;LIU Xiaojie;ZHAO Chenhui;DENG Yabin;GUO Donghui(School of Electronic Science and Engineering,Xiamen University,Xiamen,Fujian 361005,China;IC Design R&D Engineering Center of Fujian Province,Xiamen,Fujian 361005,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学电子科学与技术学院,福建厦门361005 [2]福建省集成电路设计工程技术研究中心,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《计算机科学》2023年第1期229-242,共14页Computer Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(61836010)。

摘　　要：深度神经网络在实际应用中的局限性日益凸显,具备生物可解释性的类脑计算脉冲神经网络成为了人们研究的热点课题。应用场景的不确定性及复杂多样性给研究者提出了新的挑战,要求类似生物大脑组织具备多尺度架构的类脑计算脉冲神经网络,能够实现对多模态、不确定性信息的感知决策功能。文中主要介绍了多尺度生物合理性的类脑计算脉冲神经网络模型及其面向多模态信息表征和不确定信息感知的学习算法,并分析探讨了基于忆阻器互联的脉冲神经网络可实现多尺度架构类脑计算的两个关键技术问题,即多模态、不确定信息与脉冲时序表示一致性问题和多尺度脉冲神经网络学习算法与容错计算问题。最后,对类脑计算脉冲神经网络的研究方向进行了分析与展望。With the increasingly prominent limitations of deep neural networks in practical applications,brain-like computing spiking neural networks with biological interpretability have become the focus of research.The uncertainty and complex diversity of application scenarios pose new challenges to researchers,requiring brain-like computing spiking neural networks with multi-scale architectures similar to biological brain organizations to realize the perception and decision-making function of multi-modal and uncertain information.This paper mainly introduces the multi-scale biological rational brain-like computing spiking neural network model and its learning algorithm for multi-modal information representation and uncertainty information perception,analyzing and discussing two key technical issues that the spiking neural network based on the interconnection of memristors can rea-lize multi-scale architecture brain-like computing,namely:the consistency problem of multi-modal and uncertain information with spike timing representation,and the computing fault-tolerant problem for the multi-scale spiking neural network with different learning algorithms.Finally,this paper analyzes and forecasts the further research direction of brain-like computing spiking neural network.

关 键 词：类脑计算 脉冲神经网络 多尺度网络模型 多模态信息 不确定信息感知 决策融合 学习算法 STDP 

分 类 号：TP183[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程]