立式螺旋深松作业机具研制与试验  

Development and test of vertical spiral subsoiling machine

作　　者：周飞科 李立君[2] 高自成[2] ZHOU Feike;LI Lijun;GAO Zicheng(Hunan Industry Polytechnic,Changsha 410000,China;Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha 410004,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南工业职业技术学院,长沙410000 [2]中南林业科技大学,长沙410004

出　　处：《林业工程学报》2022年第6期148-154,共7页Journal of Forestry Engineering

基　　金：湖南省重点研发计划项目(2018NK2065)。

摘　　要：为满足南方林地、山地等区域的土壤深松作业需求,设计大螺距螺旋立式深松机具。介绍立式深松机具原理、结构与关键参数;建立深松刀具运动学模型,进而构建深松刀具吃刀量计算模型并分析单个土壤切削周期内的吃刀量,对深松刀具进行动力学分析;取螺旋扫叶和刀头任意微段分析土壤切削受力情况,得到土壤切削过程中的切削力、摩擦力和翻动力,进而得到刀具作业过程中的力矩方程与功耗方程并得出刀具作业力矩、作业功耗对各影响因子的响应曲面,最终得到刀具的转速与机具输入功率要求;基于关键参数及分析结果研制立式深松机具样机并开展深松作业试验。动力学分析结果表明:增大旋速比能有效降低总力矩,减小螺旋扫叶长度可有效降低总力矩,螺旋扫叶与刀轴的夹角在45°左右时力矩值最低。样机试验结果表明:在山地作业时的松土深度可达230 mm左右,碎土率在94%以上,作业效率可达1 080 m^(2)/h。研制试验证明,大螺距螺旋立式深松机具能够满足松土深度不小于200 mm、碎土率不小于90%、作业效率不小于1 000 m^(2)/h的预期目标,可为后续深松机具的研制设计提供一定参考。At present,the scarifying knife type of most subsoiling machines and tools in the domestic market is the shovel scarifying knife.The scarifying knife sinks into the soil and causes the soil ridge to be broken by shoveling the soil,so as to realize the deep loosening of the soil.Because the subsoiling force of this type of subsoiling machine is traction,the traction force will increase sharply in areas with high soil hardness.Moreover,most woodlands,mountains and other areas in southern China have high soil hardness and many vegetation roots.The subsoiling operation requires that the soil loosening depth is not less than 200 mm and the soil is finely broken.Therefore,most exis-ting subsoiling machines and tools on the market do not meet the requirements.In order to address these issues,a large pitch spiral soil subsoiling machine is designed.Firstly,the principle,structure,and key parameters of the vertical subsoiling machine were introduced.To carry out the dynamic analysis of subsoiling tool,the kinematic model of subsoiling cutter and the calculation model of subsoiling cutter s cutting amount was established,and the cutting amount in a single soil cutting cycle was analyzed.Then the spiral blade sweepings and any micro segment of the cutter head were taken to analyze the soil cutting force,and the cutting force,friction,and overturning force in the process of soil cutting were obtained,and then the torque equation and power consumption equation in the process of tool operation were developed.The response surface of the tool operation torque and power consumption to each impact factor was obtained based on the two equations,and finally the speed of the tool and the input power requirements of the tool were gained.Based on the key parameters and analysis results,a vertical subsoiling machine prototype was developed and subsoiling operation test was carried out.The dynamic analysis results showed that the increase in the rotation speed ratio can effectively reduce the total torque.The reduction of the length of s

关 键 词：土壤深松 深松作业机具 立式螺旋 动力学分析 样机试验 

分 类 号：S776.212[农业科学—森林工程]