几种兰属地生种花瓣花色素组成分析  

Analysis on pigment composition of petals of several native Cymbidium Sw.species

作　　者：刘红[1] 魏晓羽 马辉[1] 瞿辉 孙叶[1] LIU Hong;WEI Xiao-yu;MA Hui;QU Hui;SUN Ye(Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Lixiahe District in Jiangsu Province,Yangzhou 225007,China;Jiangsu Agricultural Technical Extension Station,Nanjing 210019,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所,江苏扬州225007 [2]江苏省农业技术推广总站,江苏南京210019

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2022年第6期1657-1677,共21页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设专项基金项目[JATS(2022)266];江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所科研专项基金项目[SJ(21)302];江苏省农业种质资源保护与利用平台项目(JSGB2018-1);2021年省级农业科技创新与推广补助项目[扬农(2022)29号]。

摘　　要：为研究兰属植物花瓣色素的组成特点及其与花色的关系,以24种不同花色的兰属地生种植物花为材料,采用英国皇家园艺学会比色卡(RHSCC)比色法、分光测色仪(CS-580A)测定花色表型,用高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术(HPLC-MS)对花中的类黄酮组成与含量进行测定,用紫外-可见分光光度计法测定花中类胡萝卜素、叶绿素含量。结果表明,用英国皇家园艺学会比色卡评价,24份材料的花色可分为6个色系,分别为1份棕色系、2份紫色系、10份红紫色系、1份灰橙色系、8份黄绿色系和2份黄色系;共推测出66种类黄酮物质,包括6种花青素、47种黄酮醇、7种黄酮和6种黄烷酮;有16份材料中检测出花青素成分,包括矢车菊素、芍药色素2种苷元,均以矢车菊素为主要类型,表明花色的形成涉及ABP途径中的矢车菊素合成分支;在24份材料中均检测到黄酮醇、黄酮,在20份材料中检测出黄烷酮,均以黄酮醇含量最高,其中槲皮素、山柰酚和异鼠李素为普遍存在的苷元,以槲皮素为主要类型。此外,检测到的类黄酮中有40种为首次在兰科植物中发现,其中有28种为新发现的物质,并且首次在兰属植物花瓣中发现杨梅素、丁香亭和柚皮素苷元,丰富了人们对兰属植物花中花色素组成物质的认知。所有样品中均检出类胡萝卜素、叶绿素,兰花外瓣中的类胡萝卜素含量普遍表现为黄绿色系高于红色系,绿色系花瓣中叶绿素含量较高。相关性分析结果表明,花色表型参数明度(L*)、黄蓝度(b*)、饱和度(C)与总花青素含量呈极显著负相关,红绿度(a*)与叶绿素含量呈显著负相关。推测花青素、叶绿素为兰属花瓣的主要呈色物质,鉴定其组分、分析不同花色系的色素组成特点可为解析兰属植物花瓣呈色分子机制提供基础,为色花新品种选育提供理论依据。In order to study the pigment composition characteristics of orchid petals and the relationship with flower color, 24 orchid species with different flower colors were used as the materials. RHSCC colorimetric method and colorimeter(CS-580A) were used to measure the flower color phenotype, high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS)was used to measure the flavonoids composition and content, and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer was used to determine the contents of carotenoids and chlorophyll. The results showed that the 24 materials could be divided into six color series by RHSCC, including one brown, two purple, ten red-purple, one gray-orange, eight yellow-green and two yellow. A total of 66 flavonoids were identified, including six anthocyanins, 47 flavonols, seven flavonoids and six flavanones. Anthocyanins were detected in 16 materials, including cyanidin and peonidin, and cyanidin was the main type, which suggested that the formation of flower color was involved in the branch of cyanidin synthesis in ABP pathway. Flavonols and flavone were detected in 24 materials, the flavanone was detected in 20 materials, flavonol content was the highest of all, quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin were widely existed, and quercetin was the main type. In addition, 40 flavonoids detected in this study were first reported in orchids, and 28 of them were newly discovered. Myricetin, syringetin and naringin were found in orchid petals for the first time in this study, which enriched our understanding of the components of pigment in orchid flowers. Carotenoid and chlorophyll were detected in all the samples. The carotenoid levels in the outer petals of the yellow-green series were generally higher than those in the red series, and the chlorophyll content in the green petals was higher. Correlation analysis showed that lightness(L*), blue-yellowness(b*) and saturation(C) were significantly negatively correlated with anthocyanin content, and red-greenness(a*) was significantly negatively correlated w

关 键 词：兰属 类黄酮 花青素 类胡萝卜素 叶绿素 花色 

分 类 号：S682.19[农业科学—观赏园艺]