中国陆地生态系统增汇潜力研究展望  

Advances in the carbon sink potential of terrestrial ecosystems in China

作　　者：周广胜[1,2] 周梦子 周莉[1,3,4] 汲玉河 Guangsheng Zhou;Mengzi Zhou;Li Zhou;Yuhe Ji(State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather,Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast Meteorological Disaster Warning and Assessment,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Hebei Gucheng Agricultural Meteorology National Observation and Research Station,Baoding 072656,China;Joint Eco-Meteorological Laboratory of Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences and Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象科学研究院,灾害天气国家重点实验室,北京100081 [2]南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,南京210044 [3]河北固城农业气象国家野外科学观测研究站,保定072656 [4]中国气象科学研究院与郑州大学生态气象联合实验室,郑州450001

出　　处：《科学通报》2022年第31期3625-3632,共8页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42141007)资助。

摘　　要：碳达峰与碳中和已经成为全球气候治理和生态文明建设的重大需求.厘清陆地生态系统增汇潜力不仅对准确预估未来气候变化对陆地生态系统的影响至关重要,更是人类制定气候变化应对方案的基本前提.本文从陆地生态系统碳储量和碳汇视角,综述了中国森林、灌丛、草原、农田和湿地等主要陆地生态系统碳储量、中国陆地生态系统碳汇及其对不同气候变化情景和人类活动的响应,发现中国陆地生态系统碳储量和碳汇的评价结果因不同的研究方法和资料差异较大,需要不断完善陆地生态系统碳储量和碳汇的评估方法并基于最新资料不断更新评估结果.文章进一步指出,现有研究对未来不同时期、不同排放情景下中国陆地生态系统的碳汇功能,尤其是同一区域不同国家重大生态工程增汇潜力的整合研究仍不足,对氮沉降及其与气候变化、大气CO_(2)浓度变化协同作用的影响,特别是对国家重大生态工程增汇潜力影响的研究仍不够,还没有开展中国陆地生态系统增汇的气候变化风险研究.据此,本文指出,未来中国陆地生态系统增汇研究需要重视国家重大生态工程增汇潜力及其风险评价,重点关注高度空间异质性的区域陆地生态系统碳收支模拟技术和不同气候变化情景下气象资料获取技术的发展,为中国陆地生态系统增汇的系统管理优化方案提供科学支撑,服务于国家碳中和战略.The“carbon peak and carbon neutrality”concept has become a major demand for global climate governance and ecological civilization construction in China.Understanding the potential of terrestrial carbon sequestration and its response to climate change and human activities is very important for accurately predicting the impacts of future climate change on terrestrial ecosystems and is the basic premise for human beings to cope with climate change.Based on the perspective of terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage and carbon sinks,this paper summarizes the carbon storage of forest,shrub,grassland,farmland and wetland ecosystems of China,thus assessing the carbon sink potential of the Chinese terrestrial ecosystem and its response to different climate change scenarios and human activities.The evaluation results varied greatly due to different research methods and data.The average biomass carbon density of China’s forests and grasslands was approximately 55.7 and 4.8 Mg C ha^(-1),respectively,which were lower than the average values of the global forests(94.2 Mg C ha^(-1))and grasslands(7.2 Mg C ha^(-1)),mainly due to larger areas of young forests and extensive grazing.The average biomass carbon density of the wetland was approximately 4.1 Mg C ha^(-1),which varied greatly for different types of wetland vegetation,and the highest value was located in coastal wetland vegetation(9.6 Mg C ha^(-1)).The biomass carbon density of shrub and farmland was approximately 4.8–9.6 and 3.06–7.1 Mg C ha^(-1),respectively.The carbon sink potential of China’s main terrestrial ecosystems(forest,shrub,grassland and farmland)estimated by different methods varied greatly.According to the eighth(2009–2013)and ninth(2014–2018)inventory data of China’s forest resources and other inventory data,the latest result of the carbon storage increase rate of China’s terrestrial ecosystem was estimated to be approximately 0.28 PG C a^(-1).Ecological engineers should greatly promote the carbon sink potential of terrestrial ecosystems.T

关 键 词：中国陆地生态系统 碳储量 碳汇 生态工程 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]