抑制还是干扰?来自提取练习范式的证据  

Inhibition or Interference? Evidence from the Retrieval Practice Paradigm

作　　者：杨邵峰[1,2,3] 张志超 冀婷 YANG Shaofeng;ZHANG Zhichao;JI Ting(Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education,Academy of Psychology and Behavior,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387;Faculty of Psychology,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387;Tianjin Social Science Laboratory of Students’Mental Development and Learning,Tianjin 300387;Personnel Department,Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin 300070)

机构地区：[1]教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地天津师范大学心理与行为研究院,天津300387 [2]天津师范大学心理学部,天津300387 [3]学生心理发展与学习天津市高校社会科学实验室,天津300387 [4]天津医科大学人事处,天津300070

出　　处：《心理与行为研究》2022年第6期753-759,共7页Studies of Psychology and Behavior

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究基地重大项目(18JJD190001)。

摘　　要：为探讨抑制理论和干扰理论对提取诱发遗忘产生的不同解释,当前研究使用经典的提取练习范式,通过两个实验从不同角度对提取诱发遗忘进行了检验。实验1采用2(学习方式:类别学习、正常学习)×3(项目类型:Rp+、Rp-、Nrp)两因素混合设计,通过设置不同学习方式操纵项目的干扰程度,结果显示,相较于正常学习,类别学习条件下提取诱发遗忘效应量增加,即该条件下Rp-受到抑制更大。实验2采用单因素三水平设计(Rp+、Rp-、Nrp),控制样例提取方式以排除线索与项目的联结,结果仍然发现了提取诱发遗忘。两个实验的结果在一定程度上支持了提取诱发遗忘的抑制理论。To explore the controversial issue of inhibition and interference theories for the explanation of retrieval-induced forgetting, the current study used the classical retrieval practice paradigm to investigate the mechanisms of retrieval-induced forgetting from different perspectives through two experiments. Experiment 1 used a 2(learning style: in-category learning, normal learning)×3(item type: Rp+, Rp-, Nrp) two-factor mixed design, manipulating the degree of interference of the items by setting different learning styles. The results showed an increase in the amount of retrieval-induced forgetting effect in the category learning condition compared to normal learning. Experiment 2 used a one-factor, three-level design(Rp+, Rp-, Nrp), by using sample extraction to exclude cue-item associations. The results still revealed retrieval-induced forgetting. The findings of both experiments provide some support for the theory of inhibition of retrieval-induced forgetting.

关 键 词：提取诱发遗忘 抑制理论 干扰理论 提取抑制 提取练习范式 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]