基于制度环境内生的我国职业教育发展路径探索  

Exploration of the Practical Path of Vocational Education in China Based on Endogenous Institutional Environment

作　　者：王强 陈擎 Wang Qiang;Chen Qing(School of Public Administration,Renmin University of China;Beijing Zhongshenzhonghuan Accounting Firm,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学公共管理学院 [2]北京中审众环会计师事务所,北京100872

出　　处：《重庆师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第6期49-56,共8页Journal of Chongqing Normal University(Edition of Social Sciences)

摘　　要：随着我国进入新的发展阶段,职业教育的重要地位和作用日益凸显。职业教育作为一种不同于普通教育的教育类型,需要根据我国经济转型过程中制度环境动态变化的客观实际,处理好与政府和市场的双重关系,推行产教融合、校企合作等办学模式。本文深入剖析职业教育的特殊性,提出职业院校面临处理好与政府关系和市场关系的双重特点,并据此将制度环境作为内生变量建构职业院校发展的分析框架。在此基础上,分析我国职业教育实践中存在的政府与市场关系越位、缺位、错位等情况,推导并解释了我国职业教育发展偏离最优发展路径的机理,进而提出根据经济转型进展情况动态调整优化职业教育发展路径、政府结合经济转型过程逐步向职业院校放权、对不同地区的职业院校采取不同的管理体制和办学模式等建议,并在“政府-职业院校-市场”三位一体模式中提出政府、职业院校、市场的不同定位。With China entering a new stage of development, the position and role of vocational education are becoming more and more prominent. However, vocational education is an education type, which is different from general education. Vocational education should take into account objective of the dynamic changes in the institutional environment in the process of China’s economic transformation, to achieve balance of dual relationship with the government and the market, and then to implement school modes such as industry-education integration and school-enterprise cooperation. The paper deeply analyzes the particularity of vocational education, raising the view that the vocational education has dual-mission of dealing with the relationship between government and market, and take the institutional environment as an endogenous variable to raise the general analytical framework for vocational colleges development. On this basis, the paper analyzes the offside, absence and dislocation of the relationship between the government and the market in China practice of vocational education, and deduces and explains the mechanism of the deviation of vocational education development from the optimal development path. Then the paper puts forward suggestions, such as dynamically adjusting the development path of vocational education, government gradually delegate power to vocational colleges considering the process of economic transformation, adopting different management systems and school running modes for vocational colleges in different regions. Moreover, the paper specifies the position of government, vocational college and market in the trinity model of “government-vocational college-market”.

关 键 词：职业教育 制度环境 分析框架 发展路径 

分 类 号：G719.21[文化科学—职业技术教育学]