无砟轨道混凝土结构病害检测技术研究综述  

Review on disease detection technology for ballastless track concrete structure

作　　者：张建超[1] 刘世川 田秀淑 ZHANG Jianchao;LIU Shichuan;TIAN Xiushu(State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and System Safety of Traffic Engineering Structures,Shijiazhuang Tiedao University,Shijiazhuang 050043,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Shijiazhuang Tiedao University,Shijiazhuang 050043,China;Structure Health Monitoring and Control Institute,Shijiazhuang Tiedao University,Shijiazhuang 050043,China)

机构地区：[1]石家庄铁道大学省部共建交通工程结构力学行为与系统安全国家重点实验室,石家庄050043 [2]石家庄铁道大学机械工程学院,石家庄050043 [3]石家庄铁道大学大型结构健康诊断与控制研究所,石家庄050043

出　　处：《北京交通大学学报》2022年第6期80-92,共13页JOURNAL OF BEIJING JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11872256);河北省自然科学基金(E2021210090)。

摘　　要：随着高速铁路运营时间的逐步增长,无砟轨道混凝土结构中的一些伤损病害也逐渐积累并显现出来,当前对其进行有效检测已成为保障高速列车安全有效运行的重要措施之一.从系统性梳理无砟轨道混凝土结构病害型式与成因入手,将当前较为典型的无损检测技术在无砟轨道中的应用及适用性进行了分析;对今后轨道病害检测新技术展开介绍.经研究分析,超声波技术在检测较浅的无杂质裂缝或空洞时精度较高,较深的裂缝可采用冲击回波法;红外热成像技术在预测轨道板浅表裂缝的具体位置和演化趋势时有显著效果;地质雷达技术则广泛用于检测内部较大病害的轨道混凝土结构或砂浆层脱空等.在轨道结构病害检测新技术方面,三维激光技术可自动获得无砟轨道混凝土结构高精度病害信息;光纤光栅及机器视觉等图像识别技术可及时获取无砟轨道发生伤损的数据信息,达到将损失降至最小的目的;基于列车载荷动力下振动响应与刚度特性的差异,可在非天窗时间对轨道结构病害进行识别监测与状态评估;而多种检测技术协同或多源特征融合可进一步提升轨道病害识别精度与检测效率.As the service time of high-speed railway gradually increases,some diseases in the concrete structure of ballastless track have been accumulated and appeared gradually.Therefore,how to effec⁃tively detect these diseases has become one of the important measures to ensure the safe and effective operation of high-speed trains.After systematically combing the disease types and causes of ballastless track concrete structure,this paper analyzes the application and applicability of the current typical non-destructive testing technology in ballastless track.Besides,some future new technologies of track dis⁃ease detection are introduced.Through analysis,ultrasonic technology has higher accuracy in detecting shallow cracks or cavities without impurity.For deeper cracks,the impact echo method can be used.Infrared thermal imaging technology has significant effect in predicting the specific location and evolu⁃tion trend of shallow surface cracks in track slab.Geological radar technology is widely used in detect⁃ing the concrete structure of the track or the void of the mortar layer with larger internal diseases.In terms of new technology for track structure disease detection,3D laser technology can automatically obtain high-precision disease information of concrete structure of ballastless track.Image recognition technology such as fiber optic grating and machine vision can obtain data information of ballastless track injury and damage in time to minimize the loss.In addition,based on the difference of vibration response and stiffness characteristics under train load dynamics,the track structure diseases can be identified,monitored and evaluated at non-skylight times.At last,the coordination of multiple detec⁃tion technologies or multi-source characteristics fusion can further improve the identification accuracy and detection efficiency of the concrete structure diseases of ballastless track.

关 键 词：无砟轨道 混凝土结构 病害 缺陷 检测 

分 类 号：U216.3[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]