高温短时热激处理对甘薯块根愈伤组织形成的影响  

Effects of high temperature and short time heat shock treatment on the callus formation of sweet potato tuber

作　　者：辛奇 张敏 刘帮迪 孙静 李岚欣 郝光飞 周新群 程勤阳 Xin Qi;Zhang Min;Liu Bangdi;Sun Jing;Li Lanxin;Hao Guangfei;Zhou Xinqun;Cheng Qinyang(Academy of Agricultural Planning&Engineering,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125,China;Key Laboratory of Agro-products Primary Processing,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100121,China;College of Life Science and Food Engineering,Hebei University of Engineering,Handan 056038,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部规划设计研究院,北京100125 [2]农业农村部产地初加工重点实验室,北京100121 [3]河北工程大学生命科学与食品工程学院,邯郸056038

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2022年第18期316-325,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：Key R&D Plan Project of the 13th Five-Year Plan(2017YFD0401305);Agricultural Technology Innovation Team Project of the Planning and Design Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(CHXTY-2021-08)。

摘　　要：甘薯采后贮藏过程中受机械损伤,极易被病原微生物侵害,使得甘薯腐烂变质造成极大的经济损失。基于采后高温预处理可加快果蔬受损组织的愈伤速度,该研究采用不同热激条件处理对甘薯块根,并探究其对愈伤组织形成的影响。以人工损伤甘薯为材料,采用热空气对甘薯块根进行55~70℃温度和10~20 min时间的高温短时愈伤热激处理(High Temperature Short Time Callus,HTSTC)。在13℃条件下贮藏7 d后,对甘薯块根的外观色泽、木栓层厚度、木质素含量和失重率进行测定,并观察愈伤后软木脂沉积情况。结果表明,65℃热激15 min处理后甘薯伤口部位木质素积累和软木脂沉积现象良好,木质素含量、木栓层厚度比冷库内(35±0.5)℃进行愈伤2 d的传统愈伤方式分别高出12.27%和19.41%。并且和传统愈伤相比,由于愈伤速度快,愈伤层厚度较高,使得热激处理组能有效降低损伤甘薯块根的失重率。通过响应面优化探究热激愈伤甘薯的最佳条件,计算得出最佳热激处理条件为67.01℃热激12.69 min,且此条件下愈伤效果与65℃热激15 min十分接近。综上,HTSTC处理不仅可以达到比传统愈伤更好的效果,还可以保证较低的失重率,保持外观品质,能够成为一种新型的块根类作物愈伤处理方式。Sweet potato is a kind of vegetable and grain crop which is grown world-wide,and it is also the second largest potato crop in China.During the harvest and storage process,sweet potato is damaged by machinery and susceptible to pathogenic microorganisms,resulting in great economic losses caused by the deterioration of sweet potato.Therefore,callus pretreatment of potato crops before storage has become the main methods to reduce the storage loss of potato crops.To improve the existing problem of traditional callus treatment(35℃heated in storage condition for more than 2 d),such as high energy consumption,low efficiency,instability,in sweet potato callus formation technology,the purpose of this research was to study the effects of different heat shock treatments on the formation of sweet potato root callus healing,the sweet potatoes were treated with High Temperature Short Time Callus(HTSTC)at 55-70℃lasting 10-20 min with hot air by self-designed high-temperature-short-time healing equipment.After the callus healing was completed at(13±1)℃for 7 d,the appearance color,the thickness of the phelloderm layer,the content of lignin and the mass loss rate of sweet potato were measured,and the suberin deposition was observed under a microscope.The results showed that after callus heat shock treatment at 65℃for 15 min,the lignin accumulation and suberin deposition were the best among HTSTC groups.The HTSTC treatment under 65℃for 15 min groups showed a stronger blue fluorescence intensity and lager blue fluorescence region than other HTSTC groups,which was similar to the fluorescence intensity of traditional callus treatment.On the other hand,the lignin content and cork layer thickness of 65℃for 15 min HTSTC groups were 12.27%and 19.41%higher than those sweet potatoes under traditional 35℃healing for 2 d callus treatment.The traditional callus method would lead to a serious mass loss problem by dehydration and respiration acceleration.Compared with traditional callus method,the mass loss of 65℃for 15 min HTST

关 键 词：优化 采后 贮藏 热激处理 愈伤组织 甘薯 

分 类 号：S531[农业科学—作物学]