破碎带地层盾构隧道建造关键问题  

Key Problems of Shield Tunnel Construction in Fault Fracture Zone

作　　者：付艳斌 王福道 陈湘生[1,2] 陆岸典 沈翔 李旭辉 王贝凌 洪成雨 FU Yanbin;WANG Fudao;CHEN Xiangsheng;LU Andian;SHEN Xiang;LI Xuhui;WANG Beiling;HONG Chengyu(College of Civil and Transportation Engineering,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518060,China;Key Laboratory of Coastal Urban Resilient Infrastructures(MOE),Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518060,China;Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Green,Efficient and Intelligent Construction of Underground Metro Station,Shenzhen 518060,China;Guangdong GDH Pearl River Delta Water Supply Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 511458,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳大学土木与交通工程学院,深圳518060 [2]深圳大学滨海城市韧性基础设施教育部重点实验室,深圳518060 [3]深圳市地铁地下车站绿色高效智能建造重点实验室,深圳518060 [4]广东粤海珠三角供水有限公司,广州511458

出　　处：《铁道标准设计》2023年第1期25-33,共9页Railway Standard Design

基　　金：广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2022B0101070001,2019B111108001);国家自然科学基金项目(52078304,51938008,52090084)。

摘　　要：断层破碎带是引起盾构隧道施工灾害的关键因素之一,其形态各异、岩性复杂以及高渗透性,都极易导致隧道涌水、塌方等施工灾害,给隧道安全高效掘进带来了巨大挑战。总结分析断层破碎带的形成机理,包括破碎带地层的形成原因、破碎带地层的岩体性质及其与盾构施工安全之间的内在联系。重点介绍了近年来盾构隧道穿越破碎带所面临的刀具磨损、开挖面稳定控制、同步注浆质量控制、衬砌外水土压力确定、破碎带地质预报和地层处理等方面问题。结果表明:断层破碎带岩体破碎,黏聚力低,渗透系数从10^(-5)~10^(-3)cm/s不等,且含水率较高;对于高水压断层破碎带管片结构防水应采取防、排结合,以排为主、以防为辅;含断层破碎带盾构隧道工程建设应做好断层破碎带的综合超前地质预报,将传统的地质分析法、超前钻孔法等与新型探测技术、数字技术相结合。研究结果可为盾构隧道穿越断层破碎带提供借鉴与指导,对进一步提高中国隧道及地下工程建设水平有着积极意义。Fault fracture zone is one of the key factors that cause shield tunnel construction disasters. Its various shapes, complex lithology and high permeability are likely to cause such tunnel construction disasters as water gushing and collapse, which brings great challenges to safe and efficient tunneling. This paper summarizes and analyzes the formation mechanism of the fault fracture zone, including the formation reason of the fracture zone stratum, the rock mass properties of the fracture zone stratum and the internal relationship between the formation and shield construction safety. This paper mainly introduces the problems encountered in shield tunneling in recent years, such as tool wear, stability control of excavation face, quality control of synchronous grouting, determination of water and soil pressure outside the lining, geological prediction of the broken zone and stratum treatment. The results show that the rock mass in the fault fracture zone is broken with low cohesion, and the permeability coefficient varies from 10^(-5)cm/s to 10^(-3)cm/s with high water content;For segment structure waterproofing in high water pressure fault fracture zone, the combination of prevention and drainage shall be adopted with drainage as the main and prevention as the auxiliary;In the construction of shield tunnel in the fault fracture zone, comprehensive advance geological prediction of fault fracture zone shall be made, and the traditional geological analysis method and advance drilling method shall be combined with new detection technology and digital technology. The research results can provide reference and guidance for shield tunneling in the fault fracture zone and are of positive significance to further improve the construction level of tunnels and underground works in China.

关 键 词：断层破碎带 盾构隧道 高水压 同步注浆 超前地质预报 

分 类 号：U455.43[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]