菌草与莲子废弃物混合基质栽培的平菇子实体氨基酸与脂肪酸组分分析  

Analysis of amino acid and fatty acid components of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated with substrate added with JUNCAO and lotus seed waste

作　　者：胡应平[1] HU Yingping(National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学国家菌草工程技术研究中心,福建福州350002

出　　处：《福建农林大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第1期71-75,共5页Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：福建省农业农村厅农业资源保护与利用专项(KKY22001XA)。

摘　　要：设置2种配方,即巨菌草38%+莲子壳39%+麸皮20%+石灰3%(配方1)和五节芒38%+莲子蓬19%+莲子壳20%+麸皮20%+石灰3%(配方2),用菌袋栽培平菇,依据国家标准,测定平菇子实体氨基酸与脂肪酸组分.结果表明:配方1栽培的平菇子实体氨基酸总量为169.06 g·kg^(-1),必需氨基酸含量为69.42 g·kg^(-1);配方2栽培的平菇子实体氨基酸总量为166.35 g·kg^(-1),必需氨基酸含量为67.53 g·kg^(-1).二者均含有17种氨基酸,其中谷氨酸和天门冬氨酸含量较高;二者第一限制性氨基酸均为亮氨酸,其评分分别为79.73和79.20;二者必需氨基酸组成比例符合世界卫生组织(WHO)/联合国粮农组织(FAO)推荐模式.前者主要含有9种脂肪酸,后者主要含有8种脂肪酸,均以软脂酸(C16∶0)、油酸(C18∶1n9c)、亚油酸(C18∶2n6c)为主.前者脂肪酸中软脂酸、油酸、亚油酸含量分别为10.8%、18.1%、62.1%,后者分别为9.8%、12.6%、70.3%,均存在显著差异;二者饱和脂肪酸含量分别为14.8%和14.0%;二者不饱和脂肪酸含量分别为80.7%和83.2%.其中:前者单不饱和脂肪酸含量为18.4%,后者为12.9%;前者多不饱和脂肪酸含量为62.3%,后者为70.3%.可见,以菌草混合莲子废弃物栽培的平菇子实体氨基酸和脂肪酸组分多样且含量较高,营养丰富.Substrate bag with formula 1(38%giant JUNCAO,39%lotus seeds shell,20%rice bran and 3%lime)and formula 2(38%Miscanthus floridulus,19%lotus seeds pod,20%lotus seeds shell,20%rice bran and 3%lime)were applied to the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus,respectively,and the amino acid and fatty acid components in the dry fruit body of P.ostreatus were determined according to the national standard.The results showed that the contents of total amino acids and essential amino acids in the fruit body cultivated with formula 1(fruit body 1)were 169.06 and 69.42 g·kg^(-1),and those in the fruit body cultivated with formula 2(fruit body 2)were 166.35 and 67.53 g·kg^(-1),respectively.Both fruit bodies contained 17 kinds of amino acids,whose composition conformed to the essential amino acid model recommended by the World Health Organization(WHO)/Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO).Among the amino acids detected,glutamic acid and aspartic acid were the most abundant,and leucine was the first limiting amino acid for both fruit bodies,with an amino acid score of 79.73 and 79.20,respectively.The fruit body 1 and 2 mainly contained 9 and 8 kinds of fatty acids,respectively,among which palmitic acid(C16∶0),oleic acid(C18∶1n9 c)and linoleic acid(C18∶2n6c)made up the majority.The content of palmitic acid,oleic acid and linoleic acid in the fruit body 1 was 10.8%,18.1%and 62.1%,while those in fruit body 2 were 9.8%,12.6%and 70.3%,respectively.Fruit body 1 contained 14.8%saturated fatty acid and 80.7%unsaturated fatty acid(18.4%monounsaturated and 62.3%polyunsaturated fatty acid).Fruit body 2 contained 14.0%saturated fatty acids and 83.2%unsaturated fatty acids(12.9%monounsaturated and 70.3%polyunsaturated fatty acid).In conclusion,the application of substrates added with JUNCAO and lotus seed waste was contributed to the fruit body of P.ostreatus with rich nutrients,with various amino acid and fatty acid of high content.

关 键 词：菌草 莲子废弃物 平菇 氨基酸 脂肪酸 

分 类 号：S646.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]