积极心理学视角下孕妇抑郁症状的影响因素研究  

Research on the influencing factors of pregnant women’s depressive symptoms from the perspective of positive psychology

作　　者：张薇 李玲[2] 古丽加那提·吾买尔 夏比旦·吐逊江 姜婷[1] ZHANG Wei;LI Ling;GULIJIANATI Wumaier;XIABIDAN Tuxunjiang;JIANG Ting(College of Public Health,Xinjiang Medical University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830011,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆医科大学公共卫生学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]新疆医科大学第一附属医院

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2023年第1期97-102,共6页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2018D01C146)。

摘　　要：目的研究孕妇抑郁状况及主要影响因素,探讨积极心理品质对孕妇抑郁水平的影响。方法对2020年12月至2021年2月前来新疆乌鲁木齐市某三甲医院产检的700名孕妇进行调查,采用自编一般人口学资料调查表、病人健康问卷抑郁量表、妊娠压力量表、一般自我效能感量表、领悟社会支持量表进行问卷调查。对可能影响孕妇孕期抑郁状况的因素进行二元logistic回归分析。结果在纳入研究的671名孕妇中,抑郁的发生率为15.9%;59.61%的孕妇处于高水平社会支持。孕妇的抑郁症状与妊娠压力成正相关(P<0.01),与自我效能、领悟社会支持成负相关(P<0.01)。多因素分析结果显示,孕产妇为职业女性(OR=0.415,95%CI:0.267~0.646,P<0.01)、无自然流产史(OR=0.460,95%CI:0.249~0.849,P=0.013)、夫妻关系满意度良好(OR=0.200,95%CI:0.098~0.409,P<0.01)、了解孕期知识(OR=0.502,95%CI:0.282~0.892,P=0.019)、社会支持等级高(OR=0.326,95%CI:0.177~0.600,P<0.01)、自我效能越高(OR=0.664,95%CI:0.503~0.875,P=0.004)可降低抑郁发生的风险,是影响孕妇积极心理的促进因素;妊娠压力越高(OR=11.162,95%CI:5.974~20.856,P<0.01)抑郁发生的风险越高。结论妊娠期抑郁问题急需关注,建议通过减轻孕妇妊娠压力、提高社会支持,增强自我效能,以培养其积极心理品质,降低产前抑郁的发生,从而改善孕妇心理健康。Objective To study the depression status and main influencing factors of pregnant women in Urumqi,Xinjiang,and to explore the influence of positive psychological quality on the depression level of pregnant women.Methods From October 2020 to February 2021,700 pregnant women who came to a Grade A hospital in Urumqi,Xinjiang for obstetric examination were investigated by using self-designed general demographic information questionnaire,the Patient Health Questionnaire,Pregnancy Stress Scale,General Self-efficacy Scale and Perceived Social Support Scale.Binary logistic analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of depression symptoms in pregnant women.Results The prevalence of depression among 671 pregnant women surveyed was 15.9%,and 59.61%of pregnant women were at high levels of social support.The depressive symptoms of pregnant women were positively correlated with pregnancy pressure(P<0.01),and negatively correlated with self-efficacy and perceived social support(P<0.01).Multivariate analysis showed that professional women(OR=0.415,95%CI:0.267-0.646,P<0.01),no history of spontaneous abortion(OR=0.460,95%CI:0.249-0.849,P=0.013),good satisfaction with husband-wife relationship(OR=0.200,95%CI:0.098-0.409,P<0.01),knowledge of pregnancy(OR=0.502,95%CI:0.282-0.892,P=0.019),high social support level(OR=0.326,95%CI:0.177-0.600,P<0.01),and higher self-efficacy(OR=0.664,95%CI:0.503-0.875,P=0.004)could reduce the risk of depression,and were promoting factors affecting the positive psychology of pregnant women.The higher the pregnancy pressure(OR=11.162,95%CI:5.974-20.856,P<0.01),the higher the risk of depression.Conclusion Depression in pregnant women needs urgent attention,and it is suggested that the mental health of pregnant women can be improved by relieving pregnancy pressure,improving social support and cultivating positive psychological quality.

关 键 词：孕妇 抑郁 领悟社会支持 积极心理 

分 类 号：R749.42[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]