孤独症谱系障碍儿童动态威胁与非威胁情绪面孔的注视特征研究  

An eye-tracking study of dynamic threatening and non-threatening emotional faces in children with autism spectrum disorders

作　　者：张轶凡 李丹丹[1,2] 李红 杨婷婷 朱春燕[1,2] Zhang Yifan;Li Dandan;Li Hong;Yang Tingting;Zhu Chunyan(School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences,Anhui Medical University,Hefei 230022,China;Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders,Hefei 230022,China;Department of Pediatric Neurological Rehabilitation,Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital,Hefei 230022,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽医科大学精神卫生与心理科学学院,合肥230022 [2]认知与神经精神疾病安徽省重点实验室,合肥230022 [3]安徽省儿童医院小儿神经康复科,合肥230022

出　　处：《中华行为医学与脑科学杂志》2022年第9期787-792,共6页Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science

基　　金：安徽省省属高校与人工智能研究院协同创新项目(GXXT-2021-003)。

摘　　要：目的探究孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder, ASD)儿童对动态威胁(恐惧、愤怒)及非威胁情绪(悲伤、快乐)面孔的注视特点, 并探讨其眼动追踪数据与孤独症症状评分的相关性, 为ASD儿童治疗和康复提供依据。方法 2020年11月至2021年6月, 纳入符合入组标准的26名ASD儿童和30名年龄、性别匹配的正常发育儿童(typical developmental, TD), 对ASD儿童采用儿童孤独症评定量表(childhood autism rating scale, CARS)进行症状评估。运用SMI-red便携式眼动追踪记录系统记录两组儿童在自由观看动态威胁及非威胁情绪面孔片段时的眼动注视特征。使用SPSS 21.0软件进行统计学处理, 其中符合正态分布的数据采用独立样本t检验及卡方检验, 对不符合正态分布的数据采用非参数检验。采用Pearson相关分析评定眼动追踪数据与症状评分的相关性。结果 ASD组儿童CARS总分为(32.64±7.42)分。ASD儿童眼动追踪数据表现出注视厌恶特点, ASD儿童注视恐惧[2.41(0.26, 10.65)s]、愤怒[2.17(0.13, 6.13)s]威胁性情绪面孔眼区时的注视时间显著少于TD儿童[8.81(2.54, 12.11)s, 5.21(3.80, 12.49)s], 均差异有统计学意义(恐惧:Z=-2.252, P<0.05;愤怒:Z=-2.793, P<0.01)。ASD儿童对四种情绪面孔嘴区的注视时间[悲伤:3.56(0.44, 7.16)s, 恐惧:2.68(0.42, 4.78)s, 愤怒:2.13(0.35, 4.20)s, 快乐:2.93(0.46, 5.71)s]均显著少于TD儿童[悲伤:11.43(6.97, 14.22)s, 恐惧:6.73(3.65, 10.10)s, 愤怒:6.86(4.55, 12.33)s, 快乐:11.72(7.22, 14.39)s], 均差异有统计学意义(悲伤:Z=-4.502, P<0.01;恐惧:Z=-3.493, P<0.01;愤怒:Z=-4.025, P<0.01;快乐:Z=-4.699, P<0.01)。相关分析发现ASD儿童对情绪面孔注视时间与CARS总分(r=-0.476, P<0.05)呈负相关, 对不同情绪面孔进一步分析发现, ASD儿童对恐惧面孔的注视时间与CARS总分(r=-0.455, P<0.05)呈负相关。结论 ASD儿童眼动追踪显示出与TD儿童相比对威胁性情绪面孔注视时间更少的注视特�Objective To investigate the gaze characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)on dynamic threatening(fear,anger)and non-threatening emotional(sadness,happiness)faces,and to explore the correlation between their eye-tracking data and autism symptomatology scores to provide a basis for the treatment and rehabilitation of children with ASD.Methods From November 2020 to June 2021,26 children with ASD and 30 age-and sex-matched normally developing children(typical developmental,TD)who met the enrollment criteria were included,and children with ASD were assessed for symptoms by the childhood autism rating scale(CARS).The SMI-red portable eye-tracking recording system was used to record the eye-movement gaze characteristics of children in both groups during free viewing of dynamic threatening and non-threatening emotional face segments.Statistical processing was performed by SPSS 21.0 software.The independent sample t-test and chi square test were used for the data conforming to the normal distribution,and the non parametric test was used for the data not conforming to the normal distribution,and Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between eye-tracking data and symptomatology scores.Results The total CARS score of the ASD group was(32.64±7.42).The eye tracking data for children with ASD showed gaze aversion characteristics.Children with ASD spent significantly less time gazing at the eye area of threatening emotional faces in fear(2.41(0.26,10.65)s)and anger(2.17(0.13,6.13)s)than children with TD(8.81(2.54,12.11)s,5.21(3.80,12.49)s),with statistically significant differences(fear:Z=-2.252,P<0.05.anger:Z=-2.793,P<0.01).Children with ASD spent significantly less time gazing at the mouth area of all four emotional faces(sad:3.56(0.44,7.16)s,fear:2.68(0.42,4.78)s,anger:2.13(0.35,4.20)s,happiness:2.93(0.46,5.71)s)than children with TD(sad:11.43(6.97,14.22)s,fear:6.73(3.65,10.10)s,anger:6.86(4.55,12.33)s,happiness:11.72(7.22,14.39)s),with statistically significant differences(sa

关 键 词：孤独症谱系障碍 情绪面孔 眼动追踪技术 威胁性情绪 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]