2010—2020年中国大陆有毒动植物性食源性疾病暴发事件分析  

Analysis of foodborne disease outbreaks caused by plant and animal toxicants in China’s Mainland from 2010 to 2020

作　　者：马玲玲 李薇薇 吕忠其 李娟娟[3] 王娅芳[4] 宋柬[5] 计融 付萍 李宁 MA Lingling;LI Weiwei;LYU Zhongqi;LI Juanjuan;WANG Yafang;SONG Jian;JI Rong;FU Ping;LI Ning(Nanning Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guangxi Nanning 530021,China;China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment,Beijing 100022,China;Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yunnan Kunming 650022,China;Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guizhou Guiyang 550004,China;Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shandong Ji’nan 250014,China)

机构地区：[1]南宁市疾病预防控制中心,广西南宁530021 [2]国家食品安全风险评估中心,北京100022 [3]云南省疾病预防控制中心,云南昆明650022 [4]贵州省疾病预防控制中心,贵州贵阳550004 [5]山东省疾病预防控制中心,山东济南250014

出　　处：《中国食品卫生杂志》2022年第5期1041-1047,共7页Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFF0703804)。

摘　　要：目的 了解2010—2020年中国大陆有毒动植物性食源性疾病暴发事件的发生规律及流行病学特征,为预防和控制有毒动植物性食源性疾病事件的发生提供依据。方法 收集整理2010—2020年报告的有毒动植物性食源性疾病暴发事件资料,建立数据库,并按发生时间、发生场所、致病原因、致病因子污染环节(引发因素)等进行统计分析。结果 有毒动植物性食源性疾病暴发事件5 244起,发病37 610人,死亡271人。第二季度为发病高峰,事件数、发病人数分别占全年总数的35.37%(1 855/5 244)和31.18%(11 727/37 610)。植物性4 794起,发病34 482人,死亡222人;动物性450起,发病3 128人,死亡49人。致病原因前3位依次为植物凝集素及皂素(37.49%,1 966/5 244)、乌头碱(8.28%,434/5 244)、桐子酸(6.24%,327/5 244);发生场所主要为家庭、单位食堂;引发因素主要是误食误用、未充分煮熟煮透。结论 有毒动植物性食源性疾病四季均有发生,第二季度为高峰,菜豆、乌头的加工不当是主要中毒原因。应针对以上流行特征,重点对家庭开展针对性的宣传教育,从而减少有毒动植物性食源性疾病的发生。Objective To provide the bases to build up the prevention and control measures,the epidemiology and changes of foodborne disease caused by plant and animal toxicants in China’s Mainland was studied.Methods The data reported from 2010 to 2020 was collected. The times,places,etiologic agents and causing factors were analyzed.Results A total of 5 244 outbreaks,which resulted in 37 610 illnesses and 271 deaths,were reported in this period.35. 37%(1 855/5 244)of the total outbreaks occurred in the second quarter and resulted in 31. 18%(11 727/37 610)illnesses. Plant toxicants were reported for 4 794 outbreaks,resulting in 34 482 related illnesses and 222 deaths. Animal toxicants were reported for 450 outbreaks,resulting in 3 128 related illnesses and 49 deaths. Undercooked phaseolus were the most common cause of outbreaks(37. 49%,1 966/5 244),followed by aconitine(8. 28%,434/5 244)and tung oil or seed(6. 24%,327/5 244). Household and canteen were the most common locations of outbreaks. Mistaking and undercooked were the main causes.Conclusion Foodborne disease caused by plant and animal toxicants occurred in all seasons,and the second quarter is the peak. Undercooked phaseolus and improper prepared aconite were the main cause of poisoning. In view of the above epidemic characteristics,we should focus on the targeted publicity and education for families,so as to reduce the occurrence of the outbreaks.

关 键 词：有毒动植物 食源性疾病暴发事件 流行病学分析 

分 类 号：R155[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]