火箭起飞段的激光主动融合轨迹测量技术  

Laser Active Fusion Trajectory Measurement Technology in Rocket Take-off Phase

作　　者：师恒 高昕[1] 李希宇[1] 雷呈强 胡蕾 宗永红 郑东昊 孙锐 SHI Heng;GAO Xin;LI Xiyu;LEI Chengqiang;HU Lei;ZONG Yonghong;ZHENG Donghao;SUN Rui(Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology,Beijing 100094,China;Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi'an 710119,China;Key Laboratory of Space Precision Measurement Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi'an 710119,China;Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao),Qingdao,Shangdong 266237,China)

机构地区：[1]北京跟踪与通信技术研究所,北京100094 [2]中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所,西安710119 [3]中国科学院空间精密测量技术重点实验室,西安710119 [4]青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室发展中心,山东青岛266237

出　　处：《光子学报》2022年第12期135-145,共11页Acta Photonica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院青年创新促进会基金(No.2021406);中国科学院空间精密测量技术重点实验室基金(No.29J21-063-Ⅲ)。

摘　　要：为实时测量火箭垂直起飞段轨迹数据,提出了一种基于激光雷达的融合轨迹测量技术,将两台激光雷达分别安装于二维精密转台构成融合测量系统,在火箭发射前,两台激光雷达同时扫描火箭中上部目标区域,采用激光点云数据修正、火箭目标区域轨迹初值解算和两台轨迹数据融合处理算法,计算并分析得到激光雷达静态与动态轨迹测量精度分别为0.0235 m和0.0366 m。在火箭垂直起飞过程中,二维精密转台实时接收火箭目标区域的轨迹数据,根据火箭位置信息引导激光雷达高精度跟踪扫描火箭起飞全过程,实现了火箭垂直起飞段实时高精度的轨迹测量与数据输出。基于激光雷达的火箭起飞段融合轨迹测量技术有效提高了火箭轨迹数据的测量精度和测量可靠性,保证了火箭发射安全。The high-precision trajectory data of the rocket vertical take-off phase can be used to evaluate the technical performance and accuracy of the rocket,provide data reference for the improved design and finalization of the rocket,and also provide important trajectory reference data for the rocket take-off safety control system.The trajectory of the rocket in the vertical take-off phase changes greatly in the vertical rising direction,while the theoretical trajectory in both directions of the horizontal plane does not change.However,in the actual launch process,due to various interferences and certain delays and deviations in the real-time control of the rocket,the actual trajectory of the rocket in the horizontal plane will inevitably have a certain offset.The traditional trajectory measurement methods in the vertical take-off phase of rocket mainly include telemetry,optical and radio radar measurement.Due to the vibration caused by rocket launch,the trajectory measurement accuracy of telemetry system is not high,and it is difficult to obtain effective original analysis data after rocket failure.The optical measurement system uses images taken by multiple stations to obtain the rocket trajectory data after the rendezvous,but it is easily affected by the weather and has poor real-time performance.Due to the interference of ground clutter,it is difficult for radio radar to obtain effective trajectory data at this stage.It can be seen that there is no real-time trajectory measurement data in the vertical take-off phase of the rocket at present,and it is urgent to fill the data gap in this phase through new measurement methods.A single lidar can be used to measure the rocket trajectory in the take-off phase,but the trajectory data of the rocket in both directions of the horizontal plane in the vertical take-off phase changes very little,and only relying on a single lidar to measure the trajectory in the two directions will cause large errors.Compared with a single lidar measurement system,the field of view of the two m

关 键 词：激光雷达 轨迹测量 激光点云数据 融合数据处理 动态测量精度 

分 类 号：V19[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]