不同来源菜籽粕对鲤鱼生长、消化生理、抗氧化能力和健康的影响  

Effects of Rapeseed Meal from Different Sources on Growth,Digestive Physiology,Antioxidant Capacity and Health of Common Carp

作　　者：袁梦莹 王恒志 米海峰 张璐 邓君明 YUAN Mengying;WANG Hengzhi;MI Haifeng;ZHANG Lu;DENG Junming(School of Fisheries,Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang 524088,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;Tongwei Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]广东海洋大学水产学院,湛江524088 [2]云南农业大学动物科学技术学院,昆明650201 [3]通威股份有限公司,成都610041

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2023年第1期469-493,共25页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：通威股份有限公司产学研合作项目(TA2019A003)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在探究鲤鱼对5种菜籽粕[加拿大菜籽粕(CCM)、印度菜籽粕(ICM)、冷生榨菜籽饼(CPCC)、国产95型菜籽粕(C95CM)和国产200型菜籽粕(C200CM)]利用效率的差异,以期为菜籽粕在鲤鱼饲料中的应用提供理论依据。以豆粕为主要蛋白质源配制基础饲料(含46%豆粕),于基础饲料(对照组)中分别添加20%(CCM-Ⅰ组、ICM-Ⅰ组、CPCC-Ⅰ组、C95CM-Ⅰ组和C200CM-Ⅰ组)或35%(CCM-Ⅱ组、 ICM-Ⅱ组、 CPCC-Ⅱ组、 C95CM-Ⅱ组和C200CM-Ⅱ组)5种不同来源菜籽粕等蛋白质替代豆粕共配制11种等氮等能饲料。取990尾健壮均匀的幼鲤,随机分为11个组,每组3个网箱,每个网箱30尾,饲喂8周。结果表明:1)CPCC-Ⅰ组、CPCC-Ⅱ组、ICM-Ⅰ组和ICM-Ⅱ组饲料中硫代葡萄糖苷(GLS)、异硫氰酸酯(ITC)和噁唑烷硫酮(OZT)含量分别为1.31%、 0.26 g/kg和0.62 mg/g, 2.30%、 0.45 g/kg和1.08 mg/g,0.12%、0.37 g/kg和0.01 mg/g,0.21%、0.65 g/kg和0.02 mg/g;其中CPCC组GLS、OZT含量和ICM组ITC含量分别高于其余4组,且ICM组GLS和OZT含量极低。2)在20%替代水平下,CPCC-Ⅰ组和ICM-Ⅰ组日增重系数(DGC)显著低于对照组(P<0.05),且CPCC-Ⅰ组显著低于C95CM-Ⅰ组、C200CM-Ⅰ组和CCM-Ⅰ组(P<0.05),并低于ICM-Ⅰ组(P>0.05);ICM-Ⅰ组DGC显著低于C200CM-Ⅰ组(P<0.05),低于C95CM-Ⅰ组和CCM-Ⅰ组(P>0.05);CPCC-Ⅰ组饲料系数(FCR)显著高于对照组、C200CM-Ⅰ组、ICM-Ⅰ组和CCM-Ⅰ组(P<0.05),并高于C95CM-Ⅰ组(P>0.05)。但在35%替代水平下,ICM-Ⅱ组和CPCC-Ⅱ组DGC显著低于对照组、C95CM-Ⅱ组、C200CM-Ⅱ组和CCM-Ⅱ组(P<0.05),且ICM-Ⅱ组低于CPCC-Ⅱ组(P>0.05);C95CM-Ⅱ组、CPCC-Ⅱ组和ICM-Ⅱ组FCR显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且ICM-Ⅱ组显著高于C200CM-Ⅱ组和CCM-Ⅱ组(P<0.05),并高于C95CM-Ⅱ组和CPCC-Ⅱ组(P>0.05)。3)在20%和35%替代水平下,各菜籽粕组肠道胰蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性有所下降,且CPCC组和ICM组胰蛋白酶活性(尤其是ICM组)和CPCC组脂肪酶活性下降尤为显著(The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the difference of utilization efficiency of five kinds of rapeseed meal[Canadian rapeseed meal(CCM),Indian rapeseed meal(ICM),cold pressed rapeseed cake(CPCC),domestic type 95 rapeseed meal(C95CM)and domestic type 200 rapeseed meal(C200CM))by common carp,in order to provide theoretical basis for the application of rapeseed meal in carp feed. The basal diet was formulated with 46% soybean meal as the main protein source. In the basal diet(control group),eleven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were prepared by replacing isoprotein soybean meal with rapeseed meal from five different sources with 20%(CCM-Ⅰgroup,ICM-Ⅰgroup,CPCC-Ⅰgroup,C95CM-Ⅰgroup and C200CM-Ⅰgroup)or 35%(CCM-Ⅱgroup,ICM-Ⅱgroup,CPCC-Ⅱgroup,C95CM-Ⅱgroup and C200CM-Ⅱgroup),respectively. A total of 990 healthy and uniform young common carp were randomly divided into 11 groups with 3 cages per group and 30 fish per cage. They were fed for 8 weeks. The results showed as follows:1)the contents of glucosinolate(GLS),isothiocyanate(ITC)and oxazolidine thione(OZT)in diets in CPCC-Ⅰ,CPCC-Ⅱ,ICM-Ⅰand ICM-Ⅱgroups were 1. 31%,0. 26 g/kg and0.62 mg/g,2.30%,0.45 g/kg and 1.08 mg/g,0.12%,0.37 g/kg and 0.01 mg/g,and 0.21%,0.65 g/kg and 0.02 mg/g,respectively. The contents of GLS and OZT in CPCC groups and ITC content in ICM groups were higher than those in the other four groups,and the contents of GLS and OZT in ICM groups were very low. 2)At 20% replacement level,the daily gain coefficient(DGC)in CPCC-Ⅰand ICM-Ⅰgroups was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05),which in CPCC-Ⅰgroup was significantly lower than that in C95CM-Ⅰ,C200CM-Ⅰand CCM-Ⅰgroups(P<0.05),and was lower than that in ICM-Ⅰgroup(P>0.05);the DGC in ICM-Ⅰgroup was significantly lower than that in C200CM-Ⅰgroup(P <0.05),and was lower than that in C95CM-Ⅰand CCM-Ⅰgroups(P > 0. 05);the feed conversion ratio(FCR)in CPCC-Ⅰgroup was significantly higher than that in the control,C200CM-�

关 键 词：鲤鱼 菜籽粕 生长 消化生理 异硫氰酸酯 抗氧化能力 免疫力 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]