由“水”观“道”:老子“水”喻探赜——兼论与孔子之水的分殊及其内在理路  

Viewing “Tao” from “Water”: A Probe into Laozi’s Metaphor of “Water”: On the Differences between Laozi’s and Confucius’ Ideas on “Water” and Their Internal Rationale

作　　者：聂磊 NIE Lei(Institute of Taoism Culture&School of Philosophy,Anhui University,Hefei,Anhui 230039,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学道家文化研究所,哲学学院,安徽合肥230039

出　　处：《吉林师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2022年第6期52-58,共7页Journal Of Jilin Normal University:Humanities & Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(19BZX059)。

摘　　要：老子观“水”是以“水”喻“道”。“水”在老子的道论体系中,通过隐喻呈现出“上善若水”的道之“性”与“柔弱如水”的道之“用”。同时,老子以“水”喻“道”一方面展现了他通过水之自性把握道体及其特性,另一方面展现了道之用在为政层面、修养层面和处世层面的运化;而孔子观“水”,在于以水隐喻仁德。从老、孔观“水”之分殊而言,二者在内在理路、观照维度与境界旨归等方面呈现出分殊;具体展现为老子根植于“自然”的道性进路与孔子见诸德行的德性进路,老子观水的“无为”自性之维度与孔子观水的“有为”精进之维度,老子旨在复归于道与孔子旨在天下归仁。In Laozi’s view,“water”is a metaphor for“Tao”. In Laozi’s Tao theory system,“water”presents the“nature”of Tao that“the highest good is like water”and the“use”of Tao that“the softness is like water”through metaphor. At the same time, Laozi’s metaphor of“water”for“Tao”, on the one hand,shows that he grasped the Tao body and its characteristics through the self nature of water. On the other hand, it shows that the use of Tao in the political, cultural and social aspects of the operation. Confucius’ view of“water”is to use water as a metaphor for virtue. From the perspective of the differences between Laozi’s and Confucius’ view of“water”, the two show their differences in terms of internal reasoning, perspective dimension and realm purpose. Specifically, it shows that Laozi’s Tao approach rooted in“nature”and Confucius’ virtue approach seen in virtue. Laozi explored the dimension of water’s self nature of“inaction”. Confucius explored the“promising”and progressive dimension of water. Laozi aims to return to nature and Confucius aims to return to humanity.

关 键 词：老子 孔子 水 道性 仁德 

分 类 号：B223[哲学宗教—中国哲学]