改革开放以来西藏人口教育获得与均衡性研究——基于人口普查数据的考察  

A Study of Education Access and Balance in Tibet Autonomous Region since Reform and Opening Up: Based on Census Data

作　　者：杨成洲 何树燕 Yang Chengzhou;He Shuyan(School of Ethnology and Sociology,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610041,China;Glasgow College,UESTC,Chengdu,Sichuan 611731,China)

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学民族学与社会学学院,四川成都610041 [2]电子科技大学格拉斯哥学院,四川成都611731

出　　处：《西藏研究》2022年第5期111-121,共11页Tibetan Studies

基　　金：国家民委民族研究后期资助项目“当代西藏人口发展研究”(项目编号:2020-GMH-009)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：作为最大的民生工程,教育事业的发展对西藏社会长治久安和高质量发展具有不可替代的重要作用。利用1982—2020年西藏人口普查数据,考察改革开放以来西藏教育获得与教育均衡性问题可以发现,改革开放以来各级教育的发展对西藏人口受教育年限具有显著的提升作用,教育基尼系数显著下降,教育非均衡性逐渐改善。乡村教育的非均衡性和城乡教育发展差异是教育发展中面临的关键问题。义务教育的普及是推动西藏人口教育获得的主要动力。但城乡与不同区域间的影响效应具有显著差别。因此,增强西藏人口的教育获得需要继续提高乡村地区的义务教育和高中教育普及率,而城镇地区则要更加注重高等教育的发展。As the largest livelihood project,the development of education plays an irreplaceable and important role in the economic development and social stability of Tibet. According to the census data of Tibet from 1982 to 2020,it could be found out that the development of education at all levels had significantly improved the average education years of Tibetan people since the reform and opening up,the education Gini coefficient has a notable drop,education disequilibrium gradually improved. The education disequilibrium in rural areas and the difference in the development of urban and rural education are the key problems faced in education development process. The popularization of compulsory education is the main driving force for Tibetan people to access to education. There are significant differences between urban and rural areas and different regions. Therefore,to enhance the education access of the people in Tibet Autonomous Region,it is necessary to increase the popularizing rate of compulsory education and high school education in rural areas,while urban areas should pay more attention to the development of higher education.

关 键 词：西藏人口 教育获得 教育均衡性 

分 类 号：G527[文化科学—教育学]