甘薯黑斑病拮抗细菌抑菌性能及抑菌物质鉴定  

Antimicrobial Activity and Identification of Antimicrobial Substances of Antagonistic Bacteria against Black Spot of Sweet Potato

作　　者：王智敏 马金伶 孙兆勇 石莹莹 李东炎 石晶盈[1] WANG Zhimin;MA Jinling;SUN Zhaoyong;SHI Yingying;LI Dongyan;SHI Jingying(Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province,College of Food Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian 271018,China;Wenshang County People's Government of Jining City,Shandong Province,Jining 272500,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省高校食品加工技术与质量控制重点实验室,山东农业大学食品科学与工程学院,山东泰安271018 [2]山东省济宁市汶上县人民政府,山东济宁272500

出　　处：《食品工业科技》2023年第4期50-58,共9页Science and Technology of Food Industry

基　　金：山东省高等学校“青创科技计划”项目(2020KJE007)。

摘　　要：甘薯采后由病原菌引起的腐烂损失严重,其中由长喙壳菌(Ceratocystis fimbriata)侵染所导致的黑斑病是甘薯采后主要病害之一。本研究对前期筛选到的对长喙壳菌有较强拮抗作用的菌株解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)JK和克雷伯氏杆菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)GK进行抑菌性能分析,同时采用气相色谱-离子迁移谱(GC-IMS)和气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术对两株拮抗菌的体外挥发性抑菌成分进行了分析。结果表明:用两株拮抗菌JK和GK的菌液熏蒸甘薯果实,延缓了黑斑病发病时间,显著(P<0.05)抑制了病斑的扩展。两株菌所产的挥发性气体成分主要有酮类、烷类、醇类、酯类、醛类等,其中异辛醇(1-Hexanol,2-ethyl-)、己醛(Hexanal)、2-壬酮(2-Nonanone)和2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇二异丁酸酯(2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate)对甘薯长喙壳菌具有较强的抑制作用。选择两种安全气体成分己醛和2-壬酮按照1:1比例混合,在200μL/L时可以完全抑制长喙壳菌的生长。该研究为拮抗微生物在果蔬采后的应用提供了参考和依据。The losses of harvested sweet potato is large due to postharvest disease,among which black spot,caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata is one of the most important.In this study,the antimicrobial activities of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens(JK)and Klebsiella pneumoniae(GK)screened in the previous research with strong antagonistic effect on C.fimbriata were analyzed.The volatile antifungal components of the two antagonistic bacteria were analyzed by gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry(GC-IMS)and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).It was found that fumigation sweet potato with fermentation of the two antagonistic bacteria delayed the onset time of black spot and effectively controlled the development of the disease spot.The volatile components were ketones,alkanes,alcohols,esters,aldehydes and so on.In all of them,1-hexanol,2-ethyl-,hexanal,2-nonanone and 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate had strong inhibitory effects on C.fimbriata by plate test.After the two safety gas components hexanal and 2-nonone were mixed in the ratio of 1:1,the growth of C.fimbriata could be completely inhibited when the concentration of the mixtures reached 200μL/L.This study would provide a reference for the application of antagonistic microorganisms in postharvest fruits and vegetables.

关 键 词：甘薯黑斑病 解淀粉芽孢杆菌 克雷伯氏杆菌 挥发性代谢产物 抑菌性能 

分 类 号：TS201.3[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]