卫礼贤与“道”——《中国哲学导论》中“道”的一词多译之探究  

Richard Wilhelm and“Dao”:The Five Translations of“Dao”in Chinese Philosophy:An Introduction

作　　者：大卫·巴拓识 彭蓓 David Bartosch;Peng Bei

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学全球化与文化发展战略研究院,519087

出　　处：《国外社会科学》2022年第6期180-188,F0003,共10页Social Sciences Abroad

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学一般项目“20世纪上半叶德国法兰克福文化圈对中国传统音乐的研究与接纳——以卫礼贤与阿多诺为例”(GD21CYS13)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文通过对德国著名汉学家、翻译家卫礼贤的最后一部哲学论著《中国哲学导论》(1929)的翻译和研究,整理归纳了卫礼贤对中国哲学的核心词“道”的五种不同译法,深入剖析了他如何用“一词多译”的方法,对中国哲学史上不同文本、不同哲学家、不同时代及不同思想维度中的“道”进行诠释。同时,本文以术语学(Terminologie)为研究方法,聚焦于卫礼贤用来翻译“道”的几个德语哲学术语,并对这些词汇进行溯源。以此为切入点,本文分析了卫礼贤作为对中国哲学与德国哲学均有深刻理解的汉学家,有意识地从跨文化比较哲学的角度出发,将“道”转换为德国哲学中与之相匹配的哲学概念,并将其介绍给德国思想界的路径。重新审视卫礼贤对“道”的“一词多译”,在加强当今中外文化互鉴和中文著作外译方面具有积极且重要的作用。This contribution is based on the translation and study of the book Chinesische Philosophie:Eine Einführung(Chinese Philosophy:An Introduction,1929).It is the last philosophy-related work by the famous German sinologist and translator Richard Wilhelm.The article provides a compilation,summary,and in-depth analysis concerning Wilhelm’s handling of the translation of“Dao”,the“Urwort”(Heidegger)of Chinese philosophy.The study provides insight into how Wilhelm has used a poly-perspective method to interpret the word“Dao”by using five different translation terms in relation to divergent texts,various philosophers,and different periods in the history of Chinese philosophy.Some of the German philosophical terms that were applied in these translations are investigated by tracing their etymological origins and general semantics.Richard Wilhelm was a sinologist with a deep understanding of both Chinese and German philosophical traditions.He deliberately imparted the different philosophical meanings of“Dao”in a way that was compatible with the context of the contemporary German intellectual community.In parts,he presented this semantic field from the perspective of transcultural philosophy.We believe that a re-examination of Richard Wilhelm’s variational approaches to translate the term“Dao”can provide important methodological inspirations for the translation of complex Chinese texts as well as concerning the improvement of mutual cultural understanding between Chinese and other cultures.

关 键 词：道 中国哲学史 跨文化哲学 翻译学 海外汉学 

分 类 号：K207.8[历史地理—历史学]