微生物有机肥对芋头产量品质性状及土壤微生物类群的影响  

Effects of Microbial Organic Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Taro and Soil Microbial Populations

作　　者：郭巨先[1] 李桂花[1] 符梅 刘县明 罗文龙 骆善伟 刘玉涛 GUO Juxian;LI Guihua;FU Mei;LIU Xianming;LUO Wenlong;LUO Shanwei;LIU Yutao(Vegetable Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Vegetable New Technology Research,Guangzhou 510640;Shaoguan Tianbao Agricultural Development Co.,Ltd.,Shaoguan,Guangdong 5125002;Guangzhou National Modern Agricultural Industry Science and Technology Innovation Center,Guangzhou 510520)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所/广东省蔬菜新技术研究重点实验室,广州510640 [2]韶关甜宝农业开发有限公司,广东韶关5125002 [3]广州国家现代农业产业科技创新中心,广州510520

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第3期20-27,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：广东省驻镇帮镇扶村农村科技特派员项目“特色蔬菜新品种引进与绿色栽培技术示范推广”(KTP20210007)。

摘　　要：微生物有机肥在作物提质增效中逐渐引起重视,了解微生物有机肥对芋头的抗性和产量品质的影响,可对微生物有机肥应用在芋头生产上提供科学依据。本试验以炭步槟榔香芋为材料,通过施加微生物有机肥和复合肥,设计4种不同施肥模式,测定了芋头的产量、营养品质指标以及抗氧化活性指标,并深入探究了土壤微生物菌群的分布及代谢调控的变化特征。结果表明:相对于传统的发酵腐熟花生麸作基肥的施肥方式(CK),微生物有机肥作为基肥配合追施75 kg/hm^(2)硫酸钾肥(T1)能提高芋头的Vc、总酚、总黄酮、直链淀粉和粗纤维等营养成分的含量,增加了芋头的磷含量。微生物有机肥作为基肥配合追施150 kg/hm^(2)硫酸钾肥(T3)具有最高的产量、Vc、总酚、直链淀粉、粗纤维和全钾含量。微生物有机肥作为基肥配合追施112.5 kg/hm^(2)硫酸钾肥(T2)的全氮和全磷含量最高,同时SOD、CAT活性和MDA的含量也最高。此外,微生物有机肥处理可有效增加土壤中魏氏杆菌、芽孢杆菌和念珠菌嗜酸杆菌的丰度,促进核苷酸代谢、DNA重组、复制和修复效率,提高蛋白翻译效率,进而有利于芋头氨基酸代谢和产量增加。因此,在槟榔香芋生产过程中,施入适量的微生物有机肥作为基肥,追肥时适当增施硫酸钾肥,可有利于提高芋头的产量和品质。Microbial organic fertilizers have gradually attracted more attention in improving crop quality and yield.To explore the effects of microbial organic fertilizer on stress resistance,yield and quality of taro can provide a scientific basis for the application of biological bacterial fertilizer in taro production.In this study,the‘Tanbu Binlang’taro was used as the material,and four different fertilization treatments were designed by applying microbial organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer.Indicators related to yield,nutrient quality and antioxidant activity were investigated.Moreover,in-depth exploration of the distribution and the metabolic regulation characteristics of soil microbial populations were also studied.The results showed that compared with the traditional fertilization method(CK)of fermented and decomposed peanut bran,applying microbial organic fertilizer with top-dressing of 75 kg/hm^(2) potassium sulfate fertilizer(T1)promoted the contents of nutrients such as Vc,total phenols,total flavonoids,amylose and crude fiber,as well as the contents of phosphorus in taro.Applying microbial organic fertilizers with top-dressing of 150 kg/hm^(2) potassium sulfate fertilizers(T3)had the highest yield,and Vc,total phenols,amylose,crude fiber and total potassium contents.Applying microbial organic fertilizers with top-dressing of 112.5 kg/hm^(2) potassium sulfate fertilizers(T2)had the highest total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents,as well as the highest SOD and CAT activities and MDA content.In addition,applying microbial organic fertilizers could effectively promote the abundance of Welchiella,Bacillus and Candida acidophilus in soil,facilitate nucleotide metabolism and DNA recombination,replication and repair efficiency,and improve protein translation efficiency,which was beneficial to amino acid metabolism and yield of taro.Therefore,this study emphasized that during the production process of taro,the application of appropriate amount of microbial organic fertilizer as the base fertilizer and a

关 键 词：芋头 生理品质 不同肥料处理 土壤微生物 微生物组学 

分 类 号：S633.4[农业科学—蔬菜学]