高校实验室危险源辨识与管控体系研究  

Research on hazards identification and control system in university laboratories

作　　者：岳伟涛 王恩元[1] 徐剑坤[1] 张力 YUE Weitao;WANG Enyuan;XU Jiankun;ZHANG Li(School of Safety Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学安全工程学院,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《实验技术与管理》2023年第1期191-196,226,共7页Experimental Technology and Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(51934007);山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2019JZZY020505);中国矿业大学2021年实验技术研究与开发重大项目(S2021Z001)。

摘　　要：该文从实验室重大危险源辨识与统计、危险性定量评价及实验室的风险管理3个方面分析了实验室危险源的情况。高校实验室重大安全事故主要集中在气瓶和化学品上,原因是气瓶和化学品在实验室中数量多、分布广、危险性高且管理不到位,危险性体现在气瓶气体泄漏后的气体扩散半径和产生危险的临界面积大,严重威胁实验人员的人身安全,化学品的使用不当提高了化学品综合事先风险数,给实验室安全埋下了事故隐患。该文提出从实验室风险等级划分、风险等级管理、安全培训、准入管控和应急防控5个方面建立实验室危险源全生命周期管控体系,改善安全管理现状,保障高校实验室稳步发展和高校师生生命财产安全。This paper analyzes the situation of laboratory hazards from 3 aspects:identification and statistics of major hazard sources,quantitative evaluation of hazard and risk management of laboratory.The major safety accidents in university laboratories are mainly concentrated on gas cylinders and chemicals.The reason is that gas cylinders and chemicals are numerous,widely distributed,dangerous and poorly managed in the laboratory,and the danger is reflected in the gas diffusion radius and the critical area of danger after the gas leakage of the gas cylinder,which seriously threatens the personal safety of the experimental personnel.The improper use of chemicals has increased the comprehensive prior risk of chemicals and laid a hidden danger for laboratory safety.This paper proposes to establish a full life cycle management and control system of laboratory hazards from five aspects:laboratory risk classification,risk level management,safety training,access control and emergency prevention and control,so as to improve the current situation of safety management and ensure the steady development of university laboratories and the safety of life and property of teachers and students in universities.

关 键 词：高校实验室 危险源 辨识 评价 管控 

分 类 号：X92[环境科学与工程—安全科学] G482[文化科学—教育学]