机制与人工大曲曲块部位间微生物群落结构差异及其关键影响因素  

Microbial community structure differences and key influencing factors among different parts of mechanical and artificial Daqu

作　　者：杜向军 明红梅 马浩 江东材 朱和琴[2] 陈园 胥佳 DU Xiangjun;MING Hongmei;MA Hao;JIANG Dongcai;ZHU Heqin;CHEN Yuan;XU Jia(College of Bioengineering,Sichuan University of Science&Engineering,Yibin 644000,China;Sichuan Yibin Xufu Liquor Co.Ltd.,Yibin 644000,China)

机构地区：[1]四川轻化工大学生物工程学院,四川宜宾644000 [2]四川省宜宾市叙府酒业股份有限公司,四川宜宾644000

出　　处：《食品与发酵工业》2023年第3期83-91,共9页Food and Fermentation Industries

基　　金：四川省科技厅重点研发项目(2016SZ0074);产学研合作项目(CXY2020ZR003);四川省大学生创新训练计划项目(S201910622088)。

摘　　要：为了探究机制大曲和人工大曲不同部位微生物群落结构的差异及其影响因素,该研究以成品机制大曲和人工大曲为研究对象,通过测定2种曲块各部位理化生化指标,并使用高通量测序技术研究各部位微生物群落多样性,最后通过冗余分析法分析了2种大曲核心微生物与理化生化指标的相关性。结果表明,机制大曲和人工大曲各部位的理化生化指标的变化规律基本一致。2种大曲曲块不同部位的真菌构成均具有一定的差异性;同样,机制大曲不同部位的细菌构成也具有较大差异,而人工大曲不同部位的细菌构成却具有较高的相似性。2种大曲中的主要差异微生物为曲霉属、地霉菌属、复膜孢酵母属、双足囊菌属、高温放线菌属和葡萄球菌属。2种大曲的核心微生物中嗜热真菌属、高温放线菌属主要分布在2种大曲的坯心和包心,而芽孢杆菌属、伊萨酵母属、威克汉姆酵母属主要分布在2种大曲的表层和中层。冗余分析结果表明,水分、酸度、还原糖和氨基酸态氮是影响2种大曲微生物的主要环境因子,芽孢杆菌属、根毛霉属、丝孢酵母属、复膜孢酵母属、假丝酵母属和伊萨酵母属是主要影响大曲糖化力、液化力和酒化力的微生物。To explore the difference of microbial community structure and its influencing factors in different parts of mechanical and artificial Daqu. Finished mechanical and artificial Daqu were taken as the research objects, their physicochemical and biochemical indexes were measured, and the microbial community diversity of each part was studied by high-throughput sequencing. The correlation between core microbes and physicochemical and biochemical indexes was analyzed by redundancy analysis in two kinds of Daqu. The results showed that the changes in physicochemical and biochemical indexes of different parts of the mechanical and artificial Daqu were the same, while there were some differences in the fungal composition. Similarly, the bacterial composition of different parts of mechanical Daqu was quite different, while that of different parts of artificial Daqu was quite similar. The main different microbes in the two kinds of Daqu were Aspergillus, Geotrichum, Saccharomycopsis, Dipodascus, Thermoactinomyces and Staphylococcus. Among the core microbes, Thermomyces and Thermoactinomyces were mainly distributed in the JX, JB, CX and CB, while Bacillus, Issatchenkia, and Wickerhamomyces were mainly distributed in the JP, JZ, CP and CZ. Redundancy analysis showed that moisture, acidity, reducing sugar and amino acid nitrogen were the main environmental factors affecting two kinds of Daqu microbes, and Bacillus, Rhizomucor, Trichosporon, Saccharomycopsis, Candida and Issatchenkia were the main microbes affecting the function of Daqu.

关 键 词：大曲 理化生化指标 微生物群落结构 高通量测序 相关性分析 

分 类 号：TS261.11[轻工技术与工程—发酵工程]