人类是“叙事人”吗?--何谓叙事、叙事何为与叙事学向何处去  

Are Humans the “Homo Narrators”?A Study of What Narrative is,What Narrative does and Where Narratology Goes

作　　者：傅修延[1] FU Xiuyan(School of Literature,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang330022,China)

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学文学院,南昌330027

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第1期86-101,共16页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中西叙事传统比较研究”(16ZDA195)。

摘　　要：叙事热兴起的根源,在于今人对叙事的本质与功能有了更为深刻的理解,一些人甚至建议把人类的物种学名由“智人”改为“叙事人”。叙事的主体为有伦理立场的人,叙事因此必然体现或促成某种价值观,而叙事带来的价值认同又能凝聚起分散的个人力量,形成影响社会发展的“不可思议之力”。“叙事帝国主义”一词显示叙事非少数人文学科所能专美,许多学科和行业都把讲故事当作一项至关重要的本领,时下最精彩的叙事可能还不在文学领域。柏拉图从一开始就提醒我们:叙事负有传承文明的使命,不能“逢迎人性中低劣的部分”,今天的叙事学仍应保持这种对流行叙事的警惕。叙事学家不能脱离书斋之外生动活泼的大众叙事实践,要学会透过纷纭复杂的日常话语去把握社会脉动。叙事学在当今须博采众长方能有更好的发展。The root for the rise of the narrative fever lies in the fact that people nowadays have a more profound understanding of the nature and function of narrative.Some people even suggested that the scientific name of the human species should be changed from “Homo sapiens” to “Homo narrator”.Narrators should be the people with an ethical position, so the narratives must reflect or promote a particular set of values.And some value recognition brought by narrative can gather dispersed individual power, forming “an incredible force” for social development.The term, “Narrative Imperialism”,shows that narrative is not the exclusive domain of a few humanities disciplines.Storytelling is a vitally important skill in many disciplines and industries, and the best storytelling may not appear in literary works.From the very beginning, Plato reminded us that narrative has a mission to inherit civilization and cannot “ingratiate itself with the inferior parts of human nature”.Today’s narratology should still maintain this vigilance to popular narrative.The narratologists cannot be separated from the lively public narrative practice outside their library.They must learn to grasp the pulse of society through the diverse and complex daily discourses.And in the present day, the narratology can develop more powerfully only by drawing upon the strengths from other fields.

关 键 词：叙事 叙事学 “叙事人” 价值观 

分 类 号：I01[文学—文学理论]