出口强度对企业创新结构影响效应研究  

Research on the influence effect of export intensity on innovation structures of enterprises

作　　者：谢伟[1] 徐萌 王砚羽[2] Xie Wei;Xu Meng;Wang Yanyu(School of Economics and Management,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;School of Economics and Management,Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing 100876,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学经济管理学院,北京100084 [2]北京邮电大学经济管理学院,北京100876

出　　处：《科研管理》2023年第1期89-99,共11页Science Research Management

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地项目:“中国企业基于出口的技术学习”(17JJD630004,2017.11—2020.10);国家自然科学基金面上项目:“政治基因对企业责任式创新的作用机理和影响效果研究”(72172016,2022.01—2025.12)。

摘　　要：出口是技术学习的一种机制。尽管先前研究已经识别了出口对于企业创新和能力升级的贡献,但尚缺乏对出口强度与企业创新结构(即不同类型的创新)关系的探讨,导致出口引致创新的路径尚不明确。本文基于资源基础论,采用中国工业企业数据库和中国专利数据库中1999—2013年间11 852家企业,验证了企业出口强度与探索式创新和利用式创新间的异质性关系。这一关系受到政府补贴、知识宽度和知识深度的调节作用。实证结果表明:第一,企业出口强度越高,越倾向于进行利用式创新而非探索式创新。第二,政府补贴某种程度上可以弱化出口对探索式创新和利用式创新比值的负向作用。第三,知识宽度有利于缓解出口对探索式创新和利用式创新比值的负向作用;同时,知识深度强化了出口对探索式创新与利用式创新比值的负向关系。本研究深化了基于出口的技术学习理论,验证了出口活动对企业探索式创新和利用式创新的差异性影响,为中国企业基于自身资源基础利用出口活动提升企业能力提供了管理启示。Exports act as one of the technological learning mechanisms. Previous studies have identified the contribution of export to firms′ innovation and capability-upgrading. However, there is limited research on the relationship between export and various types of innovation, and the mechanisms and paths of export-led innovation are not effectively described and identified. From the perspective of the resource-based view, this paper uses the 11,852 firms selected from the Chinese Annual Census of Industrial Enterprises Database and the Chinese Patent Database during 1999-2013 to explore the relationship between export intensity and innovation structures. The contingency factors are also taken into account in this study. The results are as follows: Firstly, the export intensity of firms negatively influences the ratio of exploratory innovation to exploitative innovation. The higher the firm′s export intensity is, the more the firm tends to engage in exploitative innovation rather than exploratory innovation. On the one hand, firms with obvious resource advantages are more motivated to make use of their resource advantages for exploitative innovation and lack the motivation for exploratory innovation. On the other hand, international markets are full of risks and uncertainties, exploitative innovation is relatively less risky, and firms with higher export intensity are more inclined to engage in exploitative innovation. Secondly, this relationship is moderated by government subsidies, knowledge breadth, and knowledge depth. Government subsidies can somehow compensate for the negative effect of exports on the ratio of exploratory to exploitative innovations. The more resources a company receives from the government, the greater its incentive to conduct knowledge search and technology learning through international markets, and thus the greater the likelihood of engaging in exploratory innovation to improve product performance.Thirdly, knowledge breadth helps to mitigate the negative effect of exports on the ratio of e

关 键 词：出口活动 探索式创新 利用式创新 政府补贴 知识宽度 知识深度 

分 类 号：F273.1[经济管理—企业管理]