注意脱离能否成为孤独症者早期预警指标?——来自空白重叠范式研究的证据分析  

Can Attentional Disengagement Be an Early Warning Indicator of Autism Spectrum Disorder?——Evidence from the Studies of Gap-Overlap Paradigm

作　　者：林云强[1] 王璐瑶 LIN Yunqiang;WANG Luyao(Hangzhou College of Early Childhood Education&Special Education,Zhejiang Normal University,Hangzhou,311231)

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学杭州幼儿师范学院(特殊教育学院),杭州311231

出　　处：《中国特殊教育》2022年第12期47-54,46,共9页Chinese Journal of Special Education

基　　金：2020年度教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“自闭症谱系障碍儿童社交定向的眼动特征及其教育应用研究”(项目批准号:20YJC880052)。

摘　　要：注意脱离是指个体的注意从当前关注的刺激离开的过程,通常能够通过空白重叠范式加以测量。证据显示,注意脱离受损最早出现在孤独症谱系障碍者生命的第一年,与孤独症者随后的重复行为、社交缺陷以及认知发展等有重要关联。本文从孤独症诊断标准的注意特征入手,分析注意脱离受损与孤独症症状的关系,阐明注意脱离成为孤独症者早期预警指标的可能优势。未来研究可通过增加追踪时长来明确孤独症者注意脱离的发展轨迹,设置标准化测试来统一研究程序,并深入探究孤独症者注意脱离受损的神经机制以确立注意脱离受损的基础地位。Attentional disengagement refers to the departure of individual attention from the current attentional focus, which can usually be measured by the gap-overlap paradigm. Evidence suggests that impaired attentional disengagement emerges during the first year of autism spectrum disorder(ASD) life. Meanwhile, it is associated with subsequent repetitive behaviors, social deficits, and cognitive development. This paper commences with the attentional characteristics of ASD diagnostic criteria. It then analyzes the correlation between impaired attentional disengagement and ASD symptoms. In the end, it elucidates the potential advantages of attentional disengagement as an early warning indicator of ASD. Future studies could clarify the developmental trajectory of attentional disengagement in individuals with ASD by increasing the length of tracking time, setting standardized tests and procedures, and further exploring the neural mechanisms that underlie impaired attentional disengagement.

关 键 词：孤独症 早期预警 注意脱离 空白重叠范式 

分 类 号：G760[文化科学—特殊教育学]