三年级数学学习困难学生的视觉表征类型及其对应用题解决的影响  

The Types of Visual Representation of Third-Grade Students with Mathematical Learning Disability and Their Influence on Mathematical Word Problem Solving

作　　者：刘岩 段金利 曲可佳 LIU Yan;DUAN Jinli;QU Kejia(School of Psychology,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian,116029;Shifang Chengnan School,Shifang,618400)

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学心理学院,大连116029 [2]四川省什邡市城南学校,什邡618400

出　　处：《中国特殊教育》2022年第12期63-70,共8页Chinese Journal of Special Education

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅2020年度人文社会科学研究一般项目“测试在问题解决学习中的效果、影响因素及促进研究”(课题批准号:WJ2020008)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本研究通过三个实验,考察了小学三年级数学学习困难学生解决应用题时的视觉表征类型及其对应用题解决的影响,并进一步探究样例对数学学习困难学生运用视觉表征解决应用题效果的促进作用。结果显示:(1)三年级数困学生和普通学生在解决应用题时所运用的视觉表征存在显著差异,数困学生更多使用图像表征,普通学生更多使用图式表征;(2)在限制性条件下,三年级数困学生运用图式表征解决应用题的正确率显著低于普通学生,但运用图像表征解决应用题的正确率与普通学生无显著差异;(3)相比于问题解决,样例学习能显著提高数学学习困难学生运用图式表征解决应用题的比率及成绩。In this study, three experiments were carried out to investigate the different types of visual representations used by third-grade students with mathematical learning disability in solving mathematical word problems and their influence on word problem solving. Additionally, the promotion effect of the worked example on the use of an appropriate visual representation in word problem solving for students with mathematical learning disability was explored. The results showed that: 1) there were significant differences in visual representation between students with mathematical learning disability and typical students when solving mathematical word problems. Students with mathematical learning disability preferred image representation, while typical students preferred schema representation;2) students with mathematical learning disability performed less accurately than typical students under the limited conditions when asked to use schema representation, but their performance did not differ significantly from that of typical students when asked to utilize image representation;3) compared with problem solving, worked examples can effectively improve the ratio and performance of students with mathematical learning disability using schema representation to solve mathematical word problems.

关 键 词：数学学习困难 应用题解决 视觉表征 样例 

分 类 号：G844[文化科学—体育训练]