阅读超常儿童领域一般性能力与领域特殊性读写技能的表现及思考  

Elaborations and Reflections on Gifted Readers’Domain-General Abilities and Domain-Specific Skills

作　　者：李炳楠 张丽锦[2] LI Bingnan;ZHANG Lijin(Center for Linguistics and Applied Linguistics,Guangdong University of Foreign Studies,Guangzhou,510420;School of Psychology,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an,710062)

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学外国语言学及应用语言学研究中心,广州510420 [2]陕西师范大学心理学院,西安710062

出　　处：《中国特殊教育》2022年第12期71-79,共9页Chinese Journal of Special Education

基　　金：广东外语外贸大学研究生2021年校级科研创新项目(项目批准号:21GWCXXM-071)的部分研究成果。

摘　　要：阅读超常儿童通常指阅读能力明显高于同龄普通发展水平的儿童,优异的阅读能力能够加速他们学习掌握其它知识的进程,因此研究阅读超常儿童异于普通发展儿童的表现和原因对于促进基础学科拔尖人才培养、创新驱动和人才强国战略的实施具有重要意义。阅读超常儿童的优势不仅体现在其领域一般性认知方面,包括同时性加工、继时性加工、注意、计划、抑制和工作记忆等,还表现在领域特殊性读写方面,包括语音意识、快速自动命名、字母知识和正字法加工及书面-口语文字整合时相应的神经机制,这些先天的禀赋需要得到早期重视和正确培养才能被充分发展。为此,建议通过构建社会支持网络、加强家庭的早期阅读培养和制定差异化教学方法等途径来确保阅读超常儿童的高学习需求得到满足、高潜能优势得到发展。Gifted readers are normally defined as children whose reading ability is significantly above their peers typically developed.Outstanding reading abilities can accelerate their process of learning and mastering knowledge.Therefore,to study the performances and factors of gifted readers’excellent reading is of importance to promote the implementation of the Cultivating Top Talents in Basic Disciplines Strategy,the Innovation-Driven Development Strategy and the Making China a Talent-Strong Country Strategy.Gifted readers commonly have domain-general cognitive advantages in simultaneous processing,successive processing,attention,planning,inhibition and working memory,as well as domain-specific linguistic advantages in phonological awareness,rapid automatized naming,letter knowledge and orthographic processing,and the corresponding neural mechanisms of print-spoken word synthesis.Early attention and proper education are required to ensure these innate endowments are fully developed.Thus,it is suggested to build a social support network,strengthen families’early reading training and formulate differentiated teaching methods to guarantee the gifted readers’high learning needs are met and their high potential talents are developed.

关 键 词：阅读超常儿童 阅读早熟儿童 认知能力 言语技能 

分 类 号：G763[文化科学—特殊教育学]