基于高考评价体系的高中化学试题评析及启示--以2022年湖南省普通高中学业水平选择性考试为例  

Analysis and Enlightenment of High School Chemistry Questions Based on the Evaluation System of College Entrance Examination--Taking Academic Achievement Test Examination for Senior High School Students of Hunan Province in 2022 for Example

作　　者：刘凤萍[1] 陈澳 刘万强[1,2] 彭祎昀 LIU Fengping;CHEN Ao;LIU Wanqiang;PENG Yiyun

机构地区：[1]湖南科技大学化学化工学院,湘潭411201 [2]湖南科技大学教育科学研究院 [3]长沙市明德中学

出　　处：《教育测量与评价》2023年第1期62-70,共9页Educational Measurement and Evaluation

基　　金：湖南省教育科学“十四五”规划课题“普通高中学业水平选择性考试化学学科试题情境素材库的建立与样卷开发”(XJK21BKS002)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：高考评价体系为高考内容改革和试题命制提供了理论指导和依据。基于化学科高考评价体系构建高考化学试题分析框架,并对2022年湖南高考化学试题进行评析。结果发现:高考化学试题聚焦生产环保和学术探索情境,强调应用化学知识解决真实情境问题;注重核心主干知识,在知识的应用过程中传递学科价值,发展学科素养;兼顾综合性和应用性,着重培养学生综合应用化学知识解决实际问题的能力。湖南新高考化学卷启示教师,应注重基础知识和主干知识的教学,发展学生高阶思维和探究能力;突显信息呈现方式的多样性,培养学生信息获取和加工能力、实验操作和探究能力;创设真实情境,拓宽教学情境素材的来源。The evaluation system of college entrance examination provides theoretical guidance and basis for the reform of college entrance examination content and the design of questions. Based on the evaluation system of college entrance examination of chemistry subject,the analysis framework of college entrance examination chemistry questions is constructed,and the evaluation of the chemistry questions of college entrance examination of Hunan in 2022 is carried out. The results show that the chemistry questions of college entrance examination focus on production environmental protection in production and academic exploration,and emphasize the application of chemical knowledge to solve real situation problems. In the examination content,we should pay attention to the coverage of core knowledge,deliver discipline value in the process of knowledge application,and develop discipline literacy. Both comprehensiveness and application should be taken into account in the examination requirements,and emphasis should be placed on training students’ ability to comprehensively apply chemistry knowledge to solve practical problems. In the future,chemistry of the college entrance examination should pay attention to the examination of students’ innovation,develop students’ high order thinking and inquiry ability;pay attention to the diversity of the presentation of test questions, improve the openness of the answer;attach importance to the creation of real situation and expand the source of situation material selection.

关 键 词：高考评价体系 高考化学 化学试题分析框架 试题评析 

分 类 号：G424.74[文化科学—课程与教学论]