从“致良知”到“良知致”——论泰州学派对王阳明良知学的日用实践  

From"Extension of Conscience"to"Practice of Conscience":Taizhou School’s Daily Practice of Wang Yangming’s Theory of Conscience

作　　者：唐东辉 Tang Donghui

机构地区：[1]广西民族大学政治与公共管理学院,南宁530029

出　　处：《孔子研究》2022年第6期125-137,160,共14页Confucius Studies

基　　金：2021年度国家社科基金青年项目“泰州学派乡村儒学研究”(项目编号:21CZX037);2019年度广西民族大学学校引进人才科研启动项目“泰州学派对儒家外王路线的新探索”(项目编号:2019SKQD24)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：王阳明的“致良知”有两重向度:就本体而言是复良知本体;就工夫而言是率良知而行。王艮则将王阳明的“致良知”发展为“良知致”:在本体上强调“天理良知”天然自有、现成圆满的属性;在发用上注重在人伦日用中践履“日用良知”,突出了“百姓”的主体地位、“日用”的载体地位以及“当下即是”的工夫地位。为了将“天理良知”下贯为“日用良知”,泰州学派在实践上进行了多方探索,包括以先知觉后知的民间讲学,以孝悌为实落处与下手处的乡约实践,以及“治世还从睦族先”的家族建设等。这对当代儒学的创造性转化与创新性发展具有重要的借鉴价值:一是从“儒化天下”向“儒行天下”转变,二是因应业已变化的社会结构,为儒学再造新体。Wang Yangming’s"extension of conscience"has two dimensions:in terms of noumenon,it is to restore the noumenon of conscience,as far as methods are concerned,it is to follow conscience to act.Wang Gen developed Wang Yangming’s"extension of conscience"into"practice of conscience":on the ontology,it emphasizes the naturally owned and ready-made and satisfactory of"the divine principle and conscience";on the practical level,it focuses on the practice of"the daily conscience"in daily life,highlights the main position of"common people",the carrier position of"daily use"and the method position of"the instant".In order to transform"the divine principle and conscience"into"the daily conscience",Taizhou School made many explorations in practice,including folk lectures which through prophets to enlighten the ignorant,the village contract practice which taking filial piety and fraternal duty as the foundation and the beginning,and the clans building which means governing the world begins with living in concord with clansmen and so on.This has important reference value for the creative transformation and development of contemporary Confucianism:the first is a change from"using Confucianism to educate the world"to"Confucianism participating in the governance of the world",the second is to reconstruct a new carrier for Confucianism according to the changed social structure.

关 键 词：王阳明 致良知 泰州学派 良知致 日用实践 

分 类 号：B248[哲学宗教—中国哲学]