普及、公平与质量:俄罗斯学前教育政策与实践探析  

Universalization, Equity and Quality: Policy and Practice in Russian Early Childhood Education and Care

作　　者：朱思晓 刘淑华[1] ZHU Si-xiao;LIU Shu-hua(School of Education,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学教育学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《陕西学前师范学院学报》2023年第2期93-103,共11页Journal of Shaanxi Xueqian Normal University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学重大项目(VFA220003)。

摘　　要：2010年以来,学前教育一直是俄罗斯教育政策的优先发展领域。在快速普及、提升公平和提高质量价值取向的引导下,俄罗斯通过以下举措促进了学前教育的快速发展:大力加强学前教育的财政投入,设置多样化学前教育机构和班级类型,制定科学合理的课程内容,确保学前教育教师专业发展,构建学前教育质量监测体系。2035年前,俄罗斯学前教育发展的重点方向是:促进学前教育全面普及,进一步增加2个月至3岁儿童的覆盖率,加快私立学前教育的发展,将学前一年纳入义务教育,缓解学前教育发展不均衡现象,缩小不同地区之间和城乡之间的学前教育发展差距等。俄罗斯学前教育政策与实践对我国学前教育的发展具有一定的启发价值。Since 2010, early childhood education and care(ECEC) has been a priority of Russian education policy. Taking rapid universalization, improvement of equity and quality as value orientation, Russia has achieved positive results in ECEC by vigorously strengthening financial investment, setting up diversified institutions and classes, developing scientific and reasonable curriculum content, ensuring the professional development of teachers and building a quality monitoring system. Before 2035, Russian ECEC might develop in the following key directions: to promote the total universalization of ECEC, to further increase the enrollment rate of children from 2 months to 3 years old, to strengthen the development of private sector, and include one preschool year into compulsory education,to narrow the gap between different regions and between urban and rural areas, etc. Russian ECEC policies and practices have certain enlightenment for the development of preschool education in China.

关 键 词：俄罗斯 学前教育 普及 公平 质量 

分 类 号：G619[文化科学—学前教育学] G617[文化科学—教育学]