古汉语“有”字无定代词用法疏证  

On the Usage of Indefinite Pronoun of the Character You(有)in Ancient Chinese

作　　者：张其昀[1] ZHANG Qi-yun(College of Humanities,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu,225009,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学文学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《盐城师范学院学报（人文社会科学版）》2023年第1期75-84,共10页Journal of Yancheng Teachers University（Humanities & Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：古汉语中“有”字有一种无定代词用法,它直接用在动词(含动词性短语)前,在表示“存在”义之外,还有称代动词义所关涉的不确定的人、物或事的意义。“有”字的无定代词用法可在语义、语法两个层面加以证明。在语义层面,可通过以前后句、上下文相应词语印证,以对文印证,以异文印证这3种手段来证明。在语法层面,可主要通过以“有﹢动”结构式与动词“有”字的4种结构式“有﹢名﹢动”“有﹢动﹢者”“有﹢所﹢动”“有﹢所﹢介﹢动”及其转换式、等义式的比照来证明。经比照可知,“有”还表示名词的意义,证明“有”是无定代词。There is the usage of indefinite pronoun of the character You(有)in ancient Chinese.The character You(有)can be used directly before a verb(or a verbal phrase).In addition to its meaning of“being”,there is also the meaning of referring to the indefinite person,matter or thing,related to the verb.It can be proved at the semantic and grammatical levels:at the semantic level,it can be proved through comparing the context,corresponding words,and interchangeable words;at the grammatical level,it can be mainly proved by comparing the grammatical structures and their variations.The result shows that You(有)also indicates a noun,thus proving that it is an indefinite pronoun.

关 键 词：“有”字 无定代词 疏证 

分 类 号：H141[语言文字—汉语]