家禽胚胎期性别鉴定技术研究与应用进展  

Current approaches and applications for in ovo sexing of eggs: A review

作　　者：韩国锋 柏宗春[1,2] 李延森 李春梅[3] Han Guofeng;Bai Zongchun;Li Yansen;Li Chunmei(Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China;Key Laboratory for Protected Agriculture Engineering in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing 210014,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业设施与装备研究所,江苏南京210014 [2]农业农村部长江中下游设施农业工程重点实验室,江苏南京210014 [3]南京农业大学动物科技学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《智能化农业装备学报（中英文）》2023年第1期26-35,共10页Journal of Intelligent Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：江苏省农业科学院国际合作基金项目(0501305);江苏省自主创新项目(CX(22)1008);江苏省现代农机装备与技术示范推广项目(NJ2021-25);苏北科技专项(XZ-SZ202119)。

摘　　要：性别鉴定是家禽生产的重要环节之一,目前通用的雏鸡翻肛鉴定法费时费工,家禽从业者和科研人员多年来致力于研发家禽孵化期胚胎性别鉴定技术,以提高性别鉴定效率、节能省工并避免淘汰公雏。总结现有家禽胚胎性别鉴定主要方法、最新研究进展和产业化应用情况,以及未来的发展建议,为家禽早期性别鉴定技术研究和应用提供参考。家禽胚胎性别分化由遗传物质决定,性腺的两性分化随着胚胎发育逐渐清晰,随之分泌性激素,导致胚胎雌雄性激素水平差异,随着胚胎的进一步发育,雌雄胚胎会出现其他差异性表观性状(羽色等)。基于上述鸡胚发育规律,可以通过检测雌雄胚胎遗传物质、性激素和其他表观性状的差异进行性别鉴定。利用聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)或环介导等温扩增反应(loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)技术分析鸡胚性染色体上的特定基因(CHD、EE0.6、SWIM、Xho-I、DMRT等),可实现性别鉴定,该方法鉴定准确率为100%,但操作复杂,需要采集胚胎组织或血液等带遗传物质的样品,仅适用于科研领域或高价值家禽品种,难以产业化应用。使用ELISA(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)试剂盒测量鸡胚性激素含量,包括雌酮、雌二醇、睾酮、雄烯二酮和二氢睾酮等,可实现性别鉴定,该方法同样操作复杂,需要采集胚胎血液或尿囊液,但准确率较高,达98%以上。此外,利用光谱图像技术识别种蛋内物质成分和物理特性差异,借用机器学习建立雌雄胚胎识别光谱模型,也可实现鉴定,该方法为非侵入式,速度快,但准确率有限且通用性差。产业应用方面,德国SELEGGT公司开发了一种性激素快速检测试剂并推出一套商用鸡胚性别鉴定技术和装备,已实现产业化应用,准确率达98.5%,但是鉴定速度仅为3600枚/h,远低于市场期望值;德国AAT公司也推出了一种基于高光谱图像技�Sex identification is an important part of poultry production.The general method of vent sexing is time-consuming and labor-intensive.The poultry workers and researchers have been working on in ovo sexing technology for many years,in order to improve the efficiency of gender identification,save energy and labor,and avoid chick culling.This paper summarizes the main methods of in ovo sexing,the latest researches and application,as well as suggestions,and provides reference for the research and promotes application of in ovo sexing technology of poultry.The genetic materials determine the sex of chick embryos.The sex differentiation of gonads gradually becomes clear with the embryo development,and then sex hormones are secreted,resulting in the differences in sex hormones of embryos.With the further development of embryos,male and female embryos will have other differential epigenetic traits,like feather color etc.Thus,Based on the above-mentioned laws of chicken embryo development,the gender of embryos could be identified by detecting the differences of genetic materials,sex hormones,and epigenetic traits between male and female embryos.The in ovo sexing could be achieved by analyzing specific genes on the sex chromosomes with PCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction)or loop-mediated isothermal amplification(Loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)method.The identification accuracy rate of this method is 100%,but the operation is complicated,and samples with genetic material such as embryonic tissue or blood need to be collected.It is only suitable for scientific research or high-value poultry breeds,and is difficult for industrial application.The gender of embryos could also be identified by measuring the concentration of sex hormones,including estrone,estradiol,testosterone,androstenedione and dihydrotestosterone,etc.,with ELISA(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)kit.This method is also complicated and needs to collect embryonic blood or allantoic fluid,and the accuracy rate reaches more than 98%.In addition,using spect

关 键 词：家禽 孵化期 性别鉴定 光谱图像 激素 基因 

分 类 号：S24[农业科学—农业电气化与自动化]