尼采是形而上学的完成者吗?——基于海德格尔释义的权力意志与永恒轮回视角  

Is Nietzsche the Completer of Metaphysics?——A Perspective on the Will to Power and Eternal Recurrence Based on Heidegger’s Interpretation

作　　者：王一楠 WANG Yi-nan(School of Philosophy,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学哲学院,北京100872

出　　处：《武汉理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第6期143-150,共8页Journal of Wuhan University of Technology:Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：将尼采从海德格尔释义为“形而上学完成者”的“牢笼”中解救出来。一方面,基于尼采本人的立场,回应海德格尔利用“权力意志”和“相同者永恒轮回”将尼采界定为“形而上学家”的诘问。另一方面,关于海德格尔给予尼采的形而上学立场,又基于海德格尔本人的何种立场,长期以来是一个受到忽视的问题。尼采认为“复仇精神”驱动了形而上学历史的发展,海德格尔在某种程度上也继承和认可了尼采的观点。二者与形而上学的关系,集聚在了对“复仇精神”解脱的问题上。然而,海德格尔批评尼采的“相同者永恒轮回”并未从“复仇精神”中解脱的解释是失败的,反而是海德格尔利用“尼采”作为“形而上学完成者”的形象,发动了对“形而上学”的复仇,这表明海德格尔本人没有完全脱离形而上学的藩篱,而以“颠倒的柏拉图主义”的方式曲解了尼采哲学,并以这种方式加强和巩固了形而上学的基本立场。This paper attempts to free Nietzsche from the“cage”that Heidegger defines as a“metaphysical completer”.On the one hand,based on Nietzsche’s own position,it responds to Heidegger’s interrogation of Nietzsche as a“metaphysician”by using the“will to power”and“eternal recurrence”.On the other hand,it has long been a neglected question as to what kind of position Heidegger himself based on the metaphysical position he gave Nietzsche.Nietzsche believed that the“spirit of revenge”drove the development of metaphysical history,and Heidegger,to some extent,inherited and endorsed Nietzsche’s view.The relationship between the two and metaphysics converges on the question of the liberation of the“spirit of revenge”.This paper shows that Heidegger’s criticism of Nietzsche’s explanation that the“eternal recurrence”is not liberated from the“spirit of revenge”is a failure.Instead,Heidegger uses the image of Nietzsche as a“metaphysical completer”to unleash his revenge on“metaphysics”.This shows that Heidegger himself is not completely detached from metaphysics,but misinterprets Nietzsche’s philosophy in the way of“inverted Platonism”,and in this way strengthens and consolidates the basic position of metaphysics.

关 键 词：尼采 海德格尔 权力意志 相同者永恒轮回 复仇精神 

分 类 号：B516.47[哲学宗教—外国哲学] B516.54